airway Flashcards
What is the primary control center for involuntary respiration?
Medulla
Where are the chemo receptors?
Cartoid bodies and aortic arch
What stimulates the respiratory center?
CSF pH levels
Increase CO2 decreases CSF pH?
This stimulate more respirations
What is PaO2?
Arterial oxygen tension
What is SaO2?
Arterial oxygen saturation
What is Anoxia?
No oxygen
What is FiO2?
fraction or percentage of oxygen
What is hypoxemia?
Insufficient oxygenation; that is decreased partial pressure of oxygen in blood.
What value % hypoxemia O2 is considered a clinical emergency?
<90%
What BP is an indicator for O2 use?
Systolic <100
What RR is an indicator for O2 use?
RR > 24
What is l/min on nasal cannula?
1-4l/min
@ 25%- 30%
When is NRB used?
1) Physical trauma
2) Chronic airway limitation/chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
3) Cluster headache
4) Smoke inhalation
5) Carbon monoxide poisoning
What is adequate O2 saturation for COPD patients?
88-90%
What is the most common obstruction of an airway?
The tongue
What is Sellick’s maneuver?
1) Prevention of gastric aspiration is one of the key components in airway maintenance.
2) Typically, the injured patient has either swallowed large amounts of air into their stomach, or air has been forcibly placed into the stomach during ventilation with a BVM.
3) The use of the Sellick Maneuver, particularly during BVM ventilation, aids in preventing aspiration.
4) The maneuver is accomplished by applying gentle posterior pressure to the patient’s cricoid cartilage.
5) This pressure causes the cricoid cartilage to be displaced posteriorly thus effectively closing off the esophagus.
6) The pressure is applied by a healthcare provider placing their thumb and index anteriorly and laterally onto the cricoid cartilage near the midline of the patient’s neck.
What is BURP maneuver?
1) Backward, upward, and rightward pressure on the larynx.
2) The maneuver improves the visualization of the larynx structures and eases the intubation.
3) The maneuver was termed BURP as an acronym for “backwardupward- rightward pressure” of the larynx.
4) This procedure displaces the thyroid cartilage dorsally in such a way that the larynx is pressed against cervical vertebrae’s body, two centimeters in cephalic direction, until resistance appears.
5) Subsequently, it should be displaced 0.5 cm -2.0 cm to the right.
What weight is I-gel 5 for?
Patients >200lbs
Contraindications for ET tube?
Epiglottis
Cervical fractures
Universal size for ET tube?
7.5mm
Men - usually 8
Women - usually 7
** NOTE: The insertion of the endotracheal tube should be no longer than 30 seconds from the time you stop ventilating the patient until the time you remove he stylet. If you are unable to place the endotracheal tube within 30 seconds, withdraw the endotracheal tube and laryngoscope, ventilate the patient and start again.
Ok
What is the gold standard timeline for et intubation?
30 seconds
When is combitube indicated?
(a) Ventilation in normal and abnormal airways.
(b) Failed intubation.
(c) Airway management in trapped patients.
What are contraindications for combitubes?
(a) Patients with intact gag reflexes.
(b) Patients with known esophageal pathology.
(c) Used in patients under 5 feet with standard Combitube™, under 4 feet with Combitube™ SA (small adult).
