airway

Question 1

What is the primary control center for involuntary respiration?

Answer 1

Medulla

Question 2

Where are the chemo receptors?

Answer 2

Cartoid bodies and aortic arch

Question 3

What stimulates the respiratory center?

Answer 3

CSF pH levels

Question 4

Increase CO2 decreases CSF pH?

Answer 4

This stimulate more respirations

Question 5

What is PaO2?

Answer 5

Arterial oxygen tension

Question 6

What is SaO2?

Answer 6

Arterial oxygen saturation

Question 7

What is Anoxia?

Answer 7

No oxygen

Question 8

What is FiO2?

Answer 8

fraction or percentage of oxygen

Question 9

What is hypoxemia?

Answer 9

Insufficient oxygenation; that is decreased partial pressure of oxygen in blood.

Question 10

What value % hypoxemia O2 is considered a clinical emergency?

Answer 10

<90%

Question 11

What BP is an indicator for O2 use?

Answer 11

Systolic <100

Question 12

What RR is an indicator for O2 use?

Answer 12

RR > 24

Question 13

What is l/min on nasal cannula?

Answer 13

1-4l/min

@ 25%- 30%

Question 14

When is NRB used?

Answer 14

1) Physical trauma
2) Chronic airway limitation/chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
3) Cluster headache
4) Smoke inhalation
5) Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 15

What is adequate O2 saturation for COPD patients?

Answer 15

88-90%

Question 16

What is the most common obstruction of an airway?

Answer 16

The tongue

Question 17

What is Sellick’s maneuver?

Answer 17

1) Prevention of gastric aspiration is one of the key components in airway maintenance.
2) Typically, the injured patient has either swallowed large amounts of air into their stomach, or air has been forcibly placed into the stomach during ventilation with a BVM.
3) The use of the Sellick Maneuver, particularly during BVM ventilation, aids in preventing aspiration.
4) The maneuver is accomplished by applying gentle posterior pressure to the patient’s cricoid cartilage.
5) This pressure causes the cricoid cartilage to be displaced posteriorly thus effectively closing off the esophagus.
6) The pressure is applied by a healthcare provider placing their thumb and index anteriorly and laterally onto the cricoid cartilage near the midline of the patient’s neck.

Question 18

What is BURP maneuver?

Answer 18

1) Backward, upward, and rightward pressure on the larynx.
2) The maneuver improves the visualization of the larynx structures and eases the intubation.
3) The maneuver was termed BURP as an acronym for “backwardupward- rightward pressure” of the larynx.
4) This procedure displaces the thyroid cartilage dorsally in such a way that the larynx is pressed against cervical vertebrae’s body, two centimeters in cephalic direction, until resistance appears.
5) Subsequently, it should be displaced 0.5 cm -2.0 cm to the right.

Question 19

What weight is I-gel 5 for?

Answer 19

Patients >200lbs

Question 20

Contraindications for ET tube?

Answer 20

Epiglottis

Cervical fractures

Question 21

Universal size for ET tube?

Answer 21

7.5mm
Men - usually 8
Women - usually 7

Question 22

** NOTE: The insertion of the endotracheal tube should be no longer than 30 seconds from the time you stop ventilating the patient until the time you remove he stylet. If you are unable to place the endotracheal tube within 30 seconds, withdraw the endotracheal tube and laryngoscope, ventilate the patient and start again.

Answer 22

Ok

Question 23

What is the gold standard timeline for et intubation?

Answer 23

30 seconds

Question 24

When is combitube indicated?

Answer 24

(a) Ventilation in normal and abnormal airways.
(b) Failed intubation.
(c) Airway management in trapped patients.

Question 25

What are contraindications for combitubes?

Answer 25

(a) Patients with intact gag reflexes.
(b) Patients with known esophageal pathology.
(c) Used in patients under 5 feet with standard Combitube™, under 4 feet with Combitube™ SA (small adult).