Extreme Weather

Question 1

How is lighting formed?

Answer 1

1) Rising warm air can form large anvil shaped cumulonimbus clouds
2) Warm air produces water droplets and the cold air produces ice crystals
3) Particles rubbing together make static electricity
4) Cloud is now charged with positive charges at the top of the cloud and negative charges at the bottom
5) If charge at bottom get really strong the cloud releases electrical energy
6) Energy meets a point that has opposite charge from it. Could be a another cloud or object on the ground.

-Hotter than the surface of the sun 30,000C
It heats the air around it and the movement creates a loud bang (rumble from far away)

Question 2

What is the bolt of electricity called for lightning?

Answer 2

Step Leader

Question 3

In what 5 ways can lighting injure/kill you?

Answer 3

• Stop your heart
  -Burn you
  -Damage nervous system (long term injury)
  -Memory Damage
  Internal Damage

Question 4

Name 4 items you should avoid using during a thunderstorm?

Answer 4

-Tall tree
-Working electrical items
-People
-Umbrella
-Golf Club

Question 5

What are the different types of lighting?

Answer 5

-Direct Strike
-Side Flash
-Ground Current
-Conduction
-Streamers

Question 6

What is a direct strike in lighting?

Answer 6

The current moves through the body.
It isn’t common and is the most dangerous.

Question 7

What is a side flash in lighting?

Answer 7

Where the step leader bounces off an object.

Question 8

What is a ground current in lighting?

Answer 8

Where the current spreads the ground. It causes the most lighting deaths and kills cows. It is common.

Question 9

What is the conduction in lighting?

Answer 9

The lighting goes on metal which is conductive so you must not touch it as it conducts lighting

Question 10

What are streamers in lighting?

Answer 10

If it is close to an object a part of a streamer can jump. It is common.

Question 11

What is a streamer?

Answer 11

The leader charge.

Question 12

What are human and environmental impacts hurricanes can have?

Answer 12

-Sweep people out the sea
-Destroy buildings
-Create fires from destroying power lines
-Destroy forests
Creates Mass Floods

Question 13

Who get evacuated first in a hurricane?

Answer 13

People who live near the coast/trailers/caravans.

Question 14

What is they eye and what are some of its characteristics in a hurricane?

Answer 14

An area at the centre where the cold air is sinking
-The smaller it is the stronger the winds
-Places in the eye can get very strong winds
The eye wall: an area of very low pressure near the centre of the storm. Wind and precipitation are highest

Question 15

What fuels hurricanes?

Answer 15

Water(warm)
The land creates friction which slows it down.

Question 16

Where are hurricanes most likely to happen?

Answer 16

Over the sea in tropical areas where sea temperatures are 27.5C above. In the tropics and subtropics.

Question 17

What are hurricanes called in Japan, Africa and the USA

Answer 17

Japan: typhoons
Africa: cyclones
USA: hurricanes

Question 18

How does a hurricane form?

Answer 18

In sea temperatures 27.5C or above.
Forms rapid evaporation of water off the ocean surface. Creates large anvil shaped clouds. The thunderstorms rotate and merge with the spinning of the Earth.
A tropical storm becomes a hurricane when it reaches speed of 120kph or over.
-thick cloud
-creates storm surges in coastal areas

Question 19

When did Typhoon Haiyan happen and when and what category was it?

Answer 19

In the Pacific Ocean, Phillippines
November 8 2013. Category 5

Question 20

Why does it take the phllippines much longer than the USA to recover from hurricanes?

Answer 20

They are a poorer country with not as much help or rescue. Structures, businesses and generally the economy wasn’t as developed as the USA.

Question 21

Compare Typhoon Haiyan to Hurricane Florence. What do you see?

Answer 21

-Category 5 not 1
-More dead
-Mored damage
Super Typhoon
Bigger damage to economy
Less evacuated
-Not as much warning

Question 22

What is the structure of a hurricane?

Answer 22

The edge of the storm: falling pressure/temperature

The eye-wall: pressure/ temperature falls rapidly. Winds increase 60kph

The eye: very low pressure, rising temperature. Calm sunny conditions

The eye-wall: rising pressure/falling temperature. Strongest winds

The edge of the storm: pressure/ temperature rises. Decreasing winds

Question 23

What are the category’s of hurricanes?

Answer 23

1: 74-95 mph
2: 96-110 mph
3: 111-129 mph
4: 130-156 mph
5: 157+ mph