Extratropical Cyclones Flashcards

1
Q

Winds follow

A

Isobars

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2
Q

Winter polar continental

A

Cold and dry

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3
Q

Summer polar continental

A

Warm and dry

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4
Q

Conditions associated with winter polar continental

A

Sno

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5
Q

Tropical continental

A

Hot and dry, low visbility

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6
Q

Polar maritime

A

Cool and moist

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7
Q

Returning polar maritime

A

Mix between polar and tropical maritime conditions

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8
Q

Arctic maritime

A

Cold and dry, can lead to snow and hail

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9
Q

Three wind cells

A

Hadley, Ferrel, polar

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10
Q

Hadley cell - Hadley cell

A

Convergence

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11
Q

Ferrel cell - Hadley cell

A

Divergence

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12
Q

Polar cell - Ferrel cell

A

Convergence

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13
Q

Diverging air produces

A

High pressure

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14
Q

Polar jet stream is associated with

A

Ferrel cell and polar cell

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15
Q

Subtropical jet occurs between

A

Ferrel cell and Hadley cell

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16
Q

Thermal wind relation

A

Pressure decreases with height quicker in cold air

17
Q

Vertical wind gradient is proportional to the

A

Horizontal temperature gradient

18
Q

Undercutting of polar air under subtropical air makes the jet stream

A

Narrower

19
Q

The jet stream is stronger in the

A

Winter hemisphere

20
Q

Small waves on jet stream can amplify, thus it is

A

Baroclinically unstable

21
Q

Perturbations to the jet stream (causing Rossby waves)

A

Mountains, uneven heating

22
Q

Extratropical cyclone stage 1

A

Upper level disturbance causes divergence aloft, low pressure system. Rotation develops around the low.

23
Q

Convergence in the low promotes

A

Air to rise

24
Q

Extratropical cyclone stage 2

A

Northerly air pushes cold front forward

25
Q

Extratropical cyclone stage 3

A

Warm air pushed above the warm front, cold front catches up

26
Q

Extratropical cyclone stage 4

A

Cold front overtakes, forming occluded front. Begins at centre and expands out. Inflowing air weakens low, dissipates system

27
Q

In extratropical cyclones, the low pressures can become

A

Stacked

28
Q

The precipitation in ET cyclone is focused at the

A

Occlusion

29
Q

Occlusion can form from the

A

Isothermal wrapping