Extras on Inflammation 2

Question 1

What mediator is important to leukocyte recruitment and plays a roll in obesity and related Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 1

IL-1

Question 2

T or F: macrophages play an important role in the healing process.

Answer 2

True, Plasma cells, neutrophils, esoinophils, and lymphocytes do not

Question 3

What is the morphology of a germinal center?

Answer 3

Lots of lymphocytes with a central area of especially enlarge lymphocytes that appear slightly lighter

Question 4

Histologically how would you tell an abscess from a granuloma?

Answer 4

Abscesses will be made of neutrophils and appear much more cellular than granulomas

Question 5

What activates macrophages in granuloma formation?

- Cytokine and Cell

Answer 5

INF-gamma secreted by T cells

Question 6

How does caseous necrosis appear on H and E?

Answer 6

acellular amorphous granular eosinophilic material (surrounded by macrophages that are surrounded by lymphocytes)

Question 7

What are 3 key types of granulomatous Disease and how do they differ?

Answer 7

Tuberculosis
- Macrophages with T-cells externally and eosinophilic caseous necrosis internally

Sarcoidosis
- Tight naked granuloma (NOT CASEATING) TIGHT AND NAKED (No Lymphocytes)

Cat Scratch Fever:
- Geographic pattern but has areas that are centrally necrotic

Question 8

The presence of what cell type tells you that you’re looking at acute inflammation?

Answer 8

Neutrophils

Question 9

What group of molecules is important in leukocyte:

• rolling
• adhesion
• transmigration

Answer 9

Rolling - selectins
Adhesion - Integrins
Transmigration - Integrins

Question 10

What does a defect in NADPH oxidase system lead to?

Answer 10

Chronic Granulomatus Disease

Question 11

What happens to serum albumin during an acute reaction?

Answer 11

Decreases

Question 12

What acute phase proteins are upregulated by:

• IL-6
• TNF
• IL-1

Answer 12

IL-6
- Increases CRP

TNF and IL-1 - upregulate FIBRINOGEN and SSA

Question 13

What clinical marker indirectly measures TNF and IL-1?

- how?

Answer 13

ESB is a measure of platelet sedimentation rate that is dictated the amount of fibrinogen and SSA is in the blood which is dicated by TNF and IL-1

Question 14

What is indicative of crinkled tissue paper hepatocytes?

Answer 14

Gauche’s Disease

Question 15

What are Dohle Bodies?

- what do they indicate?

Answer 15

Sky Blue Cytoplasmic Puddles that are just patches of endoplasmic reticulum

• Indicate an inflammatory process that is sending out cytokines indicating the accelerated maturation is needed

Question 16

what are toxic granulations?

Answer 16

Granules present in bigger, coarser, dark blue or purple granules, especially in immature neutrophils