Extraoral examinations Flashcards
Extraoral and intraoral exams must be preformed __ and __ to ensure that no parts are missed
Thoroughly and systematically
Exam classifications- Normal (WNL)
Found in most individuals
Exam classifications- Atypical
Not present in all individuals (variation of normal)
Exam classifications- Pathologic
Associated with infection, trauma, neoplastic growth, errors in development
Paraplegia
Paralysis both sides
Paraparesis
Weakness on both sides
Ataxic gait presence of __ movements
Abnormal, uncoordinated
Ataxic gait describes __ and __ without reference to specific diseases
Signs, symptoms
Parkinson gait is motor disturbances- resting tremors and cause
-Tremor
-Rigidity
-Postural instability
-Hypokinesia
Parkinson’s Gait symptoms
-Moving slowly
-Taking jerky steps
-Small and shuffled steps
Wheelchair transfer leave in __ if possible
Wheelchair (more room in private practice)
Wheelchair transfer steps
-Position wheelchair as close as possible
-Lock wheels in place
-Fold footrests out of way
-Ask patient what works best (lift under armpits, hold onto belt in back)
-Use your legs
what does this picture show?
kyphosis
seen in marfan sydrome
Six facial landmarks
-Outer canthus
-Inner canthus
-Ala
-Philthrum
-Tragus
-Nasion
what is 1
outer canthus
what is 2
inner canthus
what is 3
ala
what is 4
philtrum
what is 5
tragus
what is 6
nasion
Prognathic an extension or bulging out of the __ __
Lower mandible (class 3)
Pro Pushed out
Retrognathic deficient __ growth, deficient in the __ plane of growth
Mandible, AP (mandible sets back a little bit)
what is this?
basal cell carcinoma
what is this?
basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell characteristics
-Middle 2/3 of face
-Won’t heal
-Usually, benign
there are more than ____ cases of basal cell carcinoma in the US per year
3 million
what is the most common cancer (listed in the pp)
basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma characteristics
-Irregular borders
-Crusty surface
-Persistent thick rough scaly
What cancer comprises 90% of all oral cancers?
Squamous cell carcinoma
what is shown here?
squamous cell
what is this?
squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma characteristics
-Multiple colors
-Irregular borders
-Flat or slight raised borders, asymmetrical
-Highly infiltrative
what is shown here?
melanoma
what is shown here?
melanoma
Nodular
melanomas are __
lesions that
have only a
__ growth
Aggressive, vertical
Ptosis is
lid lag
sometimes sign of stroke
if someone has excess space between there eyes
Ocular hypertelorism
what is a sign of hyperthyrodism ?
exophthalmos
Cervical lymph nodes list
-Submental
-Submandibular
-Tonsillar/ jugulodigastric
-Preauricular
-Postauricular
-Occipital
-Ant. cervical chain
-Supraclavocular
-Post. cervical chain
what is 1
submental
what is 2
submandibular
what is 3
tonsillar/jugullodigastric
what is 4
preauricular
what is 5
postauricular
what is 6
occipital
what is 7
ant. cervical chain
what is 8
supraclavicular
what is 9
post cervical chain
Cervical lymph nodes-
Submental- Just below the __
Chin
Cervical lymph nodes-
Submandibular- __ nodes, beneath the body of the __
3-6, mandible
Cervical lymph nodes-
Tonsillar/Jugulodigastric-
Tends to be some of they
__ lymph nodes in the cervical chain due to their significant lymphatic __. It does __ in size with age in a cancer free patient
Largest, drainage, decrease
Cervical lymph nodes-
Anterior cervical chain- Nodes that lie both on top and beneath the __ muscles (SCM) on either side of the neck, from the angle of the __ to the top of the __
Sternocleidomastoid, mandible, clavicle
Cervical lymph nodes-
Supraclavicular- In the __ above the clavicle,
just __ to where it joins the sternum
Hollow, lateral
Cervical lymph nodes-
Posterior cervical chain-Extends in a line __ to the SCM but in front of the __
Posterior, trapezius
Thyroid gland is inferior to the __ and just superior to the __
Larynx, clavicles
Thyroid gland is most often not __
Palpable
Healthy lymph node characteristics
-Soft like a grape
-Moveable
Swollen lymph node characteristics
-Firm
-Fixed (attached)
Lymph node clues to routine swelling from recent infection
-Tender
-Mobile
-Viral infection
-Bilateral (not always)
-Predictable locations
-Long duration without change
where is it most common to have lmpthadenopathy?
cervical
head and neck
what is an infection of the parotid gland?
mumps
Marfan’s syndrome characteristics
-CT disorder
-Tall and thin
-Wingspan> height
-Chest concavity
-Scoliosis
-Dilation of aorta*
Lip landmarks
-Philtrum
-Vermillion border
-Commisures (angles, corners)
-Lower lip
-Labial commissure
Lip abnormalities
-Herpes
-Angular cheilitis
-Lip biting
-Traumatic fibrona
Angular cheilitis-
-__ of mouth
-Usually, __
Corners, candida
TMD general
-Collection of symptoms
-Common in adults but becoming more common in children
TMD affects ____ of the US
20%
TMD is more common in
women (85.4%)
TMD symptoms-
-Tinnitus
-Insomnia
-Neck ache
-Sensitive teeth
-Headaches
-Joint pain
what is one of the 1st signs of bruxism?
teeth become sensitive to hot and cold
TMD causes-
-Malocclusion
-Arthritis
-Trauma
-Stimulants
-Stress
-Bruxism
-Clenching
MATSS BC
TMD diagnostic classes-
-Muscles
-Soft tissue
-Hard tissue
Reffered pain-
-Masseter= generally __ teeth
posterior
l -M- n-o- P
Reffered pain-
-Temporalis= generally __ teeth
AnTerior
TemporAlis
TMD exam-
-Widened PDL
-Excessive mobility
-Migration
-Buccal mucosal ridging
-Inspect face, jaws, dental arches
-Lateral tongue scalloping
Night guards used to-
-Redistribute __ forces
-Relax the __ muscles and stabilize the joint
-Protect __ and dental work
-Occlusal
-Masticatory
-Dentition
TMD meds
-Anti- inflammatory (NSAIDs)
-Anti- anxiety
-Muscle relaxers
-Botox (not FDA approved)
TMD treatment-
-Physical therapy
-Night guard
-Hot/old compress
-Medication
-Soft food
-Reduce jaw movement
-Surgery (rare)
Pterygoid muslces
-Lateral pterygoid
-Medial pterygoid
-Mandible
