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Patient Care 2 > Extraoral Exam > Flashcards

Extraoral Exam Flashcards

1
Q

gait

A

manners of walking

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2
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis one side

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3
Q

Hemiplegia is usually from

A

stroke

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4
Q

Paraplegia

A

paralysis both sides

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5
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness one side

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6
Q

Paraparesis

A

Weakness on both sides

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7
Q

Ataxic

A

presence of abnormal, uncoordinated movements.

Describes signs and symptoms without reference to specific diseases

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8
Q

Parkinsonian

A

motor disturbances-resting tremors

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9
Q

parkinsonian includes (4)

A

tremor
rigidity
postural instability
hypokinesia

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10
Q

hypokineasia

A

partial or complete loss of muscle control

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11
Q

ataxia gait

A

abnormal, uncoordinated movements

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12
Q

unsteady, staggering gait

A

walking is uncoordinated and not ordered

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13
Q

symptoms of ataxic gait (5)

A 
lack of proper coordination 
unsteady gait with a potential to stumble and fall 
frequent falling episode 
lack of muscle coordination in the legs
ambulation difficulities
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14
Q

parkinsons gait

A

taking small, shuffling steps

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15
Q

parkinsons gait (3)

A

moving more slowly than expected for your age
taking jerky steps
freezing of gait

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16
Q

freezing of gait

A

lose the ability of pick up their feet, which makes them “stuck” in place

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17
Q

interacting with wheelchair riders (5)

A

avoid presumptions about a persons physical abilities
greet a wheelchair user the same as you would anyone
speak directly to the person who uses the wheelchair
learn the locations of accessible ramps, doors, and parking
offer to help when appropriate

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18
Q

triggers of freezing of gait (3)

A

anxiety
crowds
feeling of being rushed

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19
Q

wheelchair transfer, if possible…

A

leave in wheelchair if possible (headrest, back recline)

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20
Q

If must transfer, then (5)

A 
Position wheelchair as close as possible 
Lock all wheels in place
Fold footrests out of way
Ask pt. what works best
Use your legs!
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21
Q

Ask pt. what works best (2)

A

Lift under armpits?

Hold onto belt in back?

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22
Q

stature (2)

A

short

tall

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23
Q

habitus

A

thin

obese

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24
Q

marfans syndrome

A

genetic disorder affects the bodys connective tissue

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25
Q

marfans syndrome effects about

A

1-5,000

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26
Q

marfans syndrome symptoms (6)

A 
Tall
Thin
Arachnodactily
Wingspan > height
Chest concavity
Heart murmur? (can have a weakened aorta)
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27
Q

scoliosis

A

side curvature

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28
Q

kyphosis

A

roundback

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29
Q

Head Lice (4)

A 
The hair should be discreetly observed for nits 
white egg cases  
not dandruff!
New strain is resistant to most meds  
Dismiss pt and vacuum chair 
Fresh headrest cover for every patient
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30
Q

Facial landmarks (6)

A
  1. Outer canthus
  2. Inner canthus
  3. Ala
  4. Philtrum
  5. Tragus
  6. Nasion
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31
Q

outer canthus and inner canthus

A

where upper and lower lids meet

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32
Q

ala

A

wing of nose

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33
Q

philtrum

A

narrow groove

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34
Q

tragus

A

pointed eminence of ear

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35
Q

nasion

A

bridge of the nose

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36
Q

HEENT

A 
head 
eyes 
ears 
nose
throat
37
Q

head and facial form: symmetry

A 
head
eyes
ears 
nose
throat
38
Q

prognathic profile

A

mandible protrudes in front of maxilla (class 3 bite)

39
Q

retrognathic

A

mandible is set further back than maxilla

can look like an overbite

40
Q

head and neck exam look for (4)

A

lumps in neck
hoarseness
scratchy throat that doesnt get better
pain in neck, jaws or ears

41
Q

head and neck exam includes (3)

A

nosebleeds
congestion
trouble swallowing

42
Q

most important symtpom during a head and neck exam

A

trouble swalllowing

important, doesnt go away

43
Q

skin lesions

A 
hands, arms, neck, face, ears
rash, mole, patch 
chronic, non healing lesion
change in pre-existing lesion
sun exposure
44
Q

most common skin cancer/lesion

A

basal cell

45
Q

where do you find basal cell

A

middle 2/3 of face

46
Q

basal cell wont —

A

heal

47
Q

basal cell is usually —

A

benign

48
Q

cases of basal cell per year

A

3 million in the US

49
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (3)

A

irregular borders
“crusty” surface
persistent thick rough scaly patches that may bleed

50
Q

squamous cell carcinoma is – like

A

wart, raised borders

51
Q

melanoma (3)

A

multiple colors
irregular borders
flat or slightly raised borders and somewhat asymmetrical in form

52
Q

Nodular melanomas are

A

aggressive lesions that have only a vertical growth

53
Q

melanoma is highly —

A

infiltrative

54
Q

causative factor of melanoma is usually

A

UV exposure

55
Q

melanoma is more common with (2)

A

fairer skin

relatives with cancer

56
Q

parts of the eyes (3)

A

pupil: black
sclera: white
iris: colored

57
Q

ptosis

A

lid lag

drooping of the eyelid

58
Q

ptosis is sometimes a sign of

A

past stroke

59
Q

Ocular hypertelorism

A

excess spacing between eyes

60
Q

Ocular hypertelorism concern

A

common in syndromes and congenital diseases/defects

61
Q

how should pupils retract to light

A

equally

62
Q

Exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eye

63
Q

Exophthalmos is a sign of

A

hyperthyroidism

64
Q

hepatotoxicity

A

yellow sclera

65
Q

most common eye infection

A 
occular herpes 
type 1 (from lips to eye)
66
Q

swollen lymph node vs normal lymph node

A

normal is compressible like a grape

67
Q

lymph nodes act as –

A

filters

68
Q

lymph nodes are part of the

A

lymphatic system (thymus, spleen, bone marrow)

69
Q

most lymph nodes that swell are on the

A

head/neck

70
Q

lymph node groups (4)

A

Cervical (head / neck)
Axillary (underarm)
Inguinal (groin)
Internal (pelvic, abdominal, thoracic)

71
Q

you cant palpate the — lymph nodes

A

internal

72
Q

Cervical Lymph Nodes (9)

A 
1 = submental
2 = submandibular
3 = parotid / jugulodigastric
4 = preauricular
5 = postauricular
6 = occipital
7 = ant. cervical chain
8 = supraclavicular
9 = post. cervical chain
73
Q

Lymph node palpation sequence (6)

A 
Ahead and behind ear
Slide down to under angle of mandible
Slide down to SCM
Turn head opposite way
Anterior & posterior borders
Slide down to above collarbone
74
Q

Healthy lymph nodes (2)

A

Soft like a grape (Vs. firm like a handball)

Moveable (Vs. fixed (attached))

75
Q

Lymphadenopathy is any abnormality in (3)

A

size
consistency
number

76
Q

Describe any abnormality fully: (5)

A 
Location
Size (<1cm.>)
Tenderness
Consistency
Mobility
77
Q

most common lymphadenopathy

A

cervical (head/neck)

78
Q 
Cervical lymph node enlargement
rule out (3)
A

teeth
tonsils
respiratory

79
Q

Cervical lymph node enlargement
search for
watch for

A

cancer

2 weeks; if still present, refer to ENT

80
Q

why 2 weeks?

A

virus can last up to 2 weeks

81
Q

Clues to routine swelling from recent infection (6)

A 
Tender
Mobile
Current or recent viral infection
Bilateral
Predictable locations
Long duration without change
82
Q

Mumps

A

infection of the parotid gland

83
Q

symptoms of mumps (2)

A

swelling in the cheek + sore lymph nodes

84
Q

Neck (thyroid) (2)

A

Larynx & trachea (windpipe)

“Adam’s apple”

85
Q

Thyroid exam (5)

A 
Gently place fingers on either side of Adam’s Apple
Then slide to just below it
Ask patient to swallow 
Feel gland rise up, then drop back
Feel for any asymmetry or lumps
86
Q

Lip landmarks (3)

A

Philtrum
Vermillion border
Commisures

87
Q

Commisures (2)

A

angles

corners

88
Q

Angular Chelitis (2)

A

corners of mouth

usually, candida

Patient Care 2 (15 decks)

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