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Physiology Exam 3 > Extracellular Matrix > Flashcards

Extracellular Matrix Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ECM?

A

Filler and macromolecules (secreted by the cell)

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2
Q

Functions of ECM

A
  1. Cellular division
  2. Motility
  3. Differentiation
  4. Adhesion
  5. Structure
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3
Q

3 classes of ECM components

A
  1. Structural proteins
  2. Proteoglycans
  3. Adhesive glycoproteins
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4
Q

Examples and functions of structural proteins

A

Collagens and elastins → provide strength and flexibility

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5
Q

Proteoglycans

What are they:

Function:

A

Protein-polysaccharide complexes

Provide matrix for structural proteins

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6
Q

Examples and function of adhesive glycoproteins

A

Fibronectins and laminins → attach cells to matrix

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7
Q

______ is the most abundant protein in vertebrates and it contains __% of total body protein

A

Collagen → 25-30%

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8
Q

Tendons and ligaments contain a lot of?

A

Collagen

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9
Q

Collagen structure

A

Rigid triple helix of polypeptide chains

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10
Q

Collagen strength

A

1 mm fiber can hold 20 lbs

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11
Q

__ different alpha chains combine to form __ types of collagen

Which are most abundant?

A

25 different alpha chains → 15 types of collagen

I, II and III most abundant

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12
Q

Type I composes __% of collagen in body

A

90%

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13
Q

Collagen cross linking function

A

Strengthens collagen bundle to withstand high stress

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14
Q

Elastin provides flexibility to what tissues?

A
  1. Lungs
  2. Heart
  3. Arteries
  4. Skin
  5. Intestines
  6. Ears
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15
Q

Elasticity is dependent on what ratio?

A

Collagen : Elastin

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16
Q

Elastin composition

A

Proteins rich in glycine and proline (no hydroxylation) and elastin molecule (crosslinked between lysines)

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17
Q

Proteoglycan composition

A

Glycoprotein + glycosaminoglycan side chain

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18
Q

GAGs

A

Long polysaccharides → 2 monosaccharides in alternating order

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19
Q

Glycoprotein

A

Protein with GAGs (up to 95% carbohydrate)

20
Q

How are proteoglycans classified?

And what are 3 of the most common?

A

By glycosaminoglycan side chain:

  1. Chondroitin sulfate
  2. Keratan sulfate
  3. Heparin / heparin sulfate
21
Q

Location of chondroitin sulfate

A

Cartilage (osteoarthritis implications)

22
Q

Keratan sulfate locations and function

A
  1. Cornea
  2. Cartilage
  3. Bone

Cushion

23
Q

Proteoglycan functions

A
  1. Receptors
  2. Filtration
  3. Shock absorption
  4. Trap water (>50%x their weight)
24
Q

Hyaluronate functions:

A
  1. Lubricates joints

2. Found on surface of migrating cells → facilitates cell migration

25
Q

Heparan sulfate

What is it:

Location:

A

Family with side chains made of D-glucosamine or L-iduronic acid

Found in every cell of body

26
Q

Heparin

What is it:

Function:

A

One member of the heparan sulfate family

Anticoagulant

27
Q

Heparan sulfate family functions (other than heparin)

A
  1. Bind growth factors
  2. Important role in inflammation
  3. Entry of virus into cells (herpes, rabies)
28
Q

Fibronectin

A

Most common adhesive glycoprotein (contains about 5% carbohydrates)

Family of closely related proteins

29
Q

Fibronectin solubility

A

Can be soluble, insoluble or partialy soluble → caused by alternative splicing of the same gene

30
Q

Fibronectin roles

A
  1. Maintain cell shape
  2. Possible role in cancer
  3. Blood clotting (soluble form)
  4. Wound healing → guides immune cells to wound
  5. Cell migration
31
Q

Laminins are mainly located where?

A

Basal laminae

32
Q

Basal lamina

A

Separates ECM from epithelial cells

33
Q

Basal lamina roles

A
  1. Structural support
  2. Permeability barrier (acts as filter in kidney)
  3. Cell migration (may allow migration of cancer cells)
34
Q

Matrix remodeling is most active at?

A

Sites of abundance-cellular sources:

  1. Cartilage: chondrocytes
  2. Bone: osteocytes, osteoblasts
  3. Tendon: teniacytes (fibrocytes)
  4. Cornea: fibrocytes
35
Q

Enzymes which degrade ECM

A
  1. Metalloproteinases

2. Serine proteases:

36
Q

2 ways to stop ECM degradation

A
  1. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP1, 2, 3, 4) → ireversible
  2. Serine protease inhibitors
37
Q

Polypeptide chains found in collagen are high in?

A
  1. Glycine
  2. Hydroxylysine
  3. Hydroxyproline
38
Q

Metalloproteinases

A

Specific for 1 ECM component

Requires zinc or calcium

39
Q

Serine proteases

A

Cleave protein sequences at serine residues → work with metalloproteinases

40
Q

Fibronectin’s role in cancer

A

Carcinomas are unable to synthesize fibronectins → cell detaches from ECM

41
Q

Type I collagen is found where?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Bones
  3. Tendons
  4. Ligaments
42
Q

Collagen cross linking with aged animals

A

Can become abnormal → loss of joint function

43
Q

2 forms of hyaluronate

A

Proteoglycan (backbone in cartilage) or free molecule

44
Q

Basal lamina surrounds what types of cells?

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Fat
  3. Schwann cells
45
Q

Composition of basal lamina

A

Thin sheet (50 nm) of EC material

Physiology Exam 3 (9 decks)

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