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Physiology Exam 3 > Cell Adhesion > Flashcards

Cell Adhesion Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of cell-to-cell interactions

A
  1. Wound healing
  2. Inflammation response
  3. Immune response (self vs. non-self recognition)
  4. Tumor metastasis
  5. Blood clotting
  6. Growth and development
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2
Q

Cell adherence is?

A

Specific and reversible

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3
Q

2 types of cell adherence

A
  1. Homotypic adhesion

2. Heterotypic adhesion

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4
Q

Cell-cell interactions are dependent on?

A
  1. Cell-cell recognition

2. Cell-cell adhesion → allows for communication

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5
Q

Cadherins need ____ to function, which is to:

A

Require calcium

Allow interaction with neighboring cell via cadherins of same time

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6
Q

Cadherin adhesion

A

Homotypic adhesion → bind through adherens junctions (actin cytoskeleton, desmosomes)

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7
Q

Integrins are?

A

Linker proteins (link ECM components and cell)

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8
Q

Types of cell junctions

A
  1. Adhesive (anchoring)
  2. Tight
  3. Gap
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9
Q

Adhesive (anchoring) junctions

A

Links cells in tissues by connecting cytoskeletons → allows cells to function as unit and share stress

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10
Q

Adhesive junctions are prominent in?

A

Cells subjected to high stress;

  1. Skin
  2. Bladder
  3. Heart
  4. Stomach
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11
Q

Adhesive junction types

A
  1. Desmosomes
  2. Hemidesmosomes
  3. Adherens junction
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12
Q

All adhesive junctions contain 2 distinct types of proteins. What are they?

A
  1. Intracellular attachment proteins (inside plasma membrane)
  2. Transmembrane linker proteins (outside plasma membrane → bind cells to ECM)
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13
Q

Desmosome adhesion

A

Between cells (linker proteins)

Provides structural integrity (resists stress)

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14
Q

Desmosomes are in what kind of cells?

A

Squamous epithelial and muscle cells

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15
Q

Desmosomes are abundant in what types of tissues?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Skin
  3. Neck of uterus
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16
Q

Hemidesmosomes connect

A

Epithelial cell to basal membrane (plaque only in 1 cell)

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17
Q

2 types of adhesive junctions

A
  1. Adhesion belt

2. Focal contact

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18
Q

Adhesion belts

Are:

Common in:

Connection:

A

Encompass entire cell

Common in layer of tissue that line body cavities

Connect to cytoskeleton and adjacent cell via actin

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19
Q

Focal contact

A

Attach cells to ECM

Not continuous

Use integrins

20
Q

What are connexons?

A

Hollow cylinders → special type of protein composed of assembly of 6 connexin subunits

21
Q

Gap junctions are abundant in tissue with what requirements?

A

Rapid communication (muscle and nerve)

22
Q

What do gap junctions facilitate in the heart?

A

Flow of electrical current

23
Q

Where are gap junctions in the brain?

A

Cerebellum → facilitates rapid muscle movements

24
Q

Tight junctions

A

Leave NO space between plasma membranes of adjacent cells → prevents movement of fluids and ions between cells (or of 2 different body compartments)

25
Q

Tight junction with the least amount of sealing are found where?

A

Bladder

26
Q

Tightest tight junctions in the body

A

Epithelial cells of inner ear

27
Q

Function of blood-brain barrier derives largely from?

A

Tight junctions

28
Q

How is the efficiency of a tight junction regulated?

A

Number of independent sealing strands

29
Q

Major proteins in sealing strands of tight junctions

A

Claudins and occuludin

30
Q

What are sealing strands in tight junctions formed from?

A

Row of transmembrane proteins embedded in both plasma membranes

Extracellular domains join one another directly

31
Q

Tight junctions joint together the ______ of adjacent cells

A

Cytoskeleton

32
Q

Pemphigus

A

Autoimmune disorder which produces antibodies against cadherins

Skin gets attached by immue system and looks fucked up (lots of blisters and such)

33
Q

Natalizumab

A

Anti-integrin antibodies (attached alpha 4-integrin)

Used to treat MS (multiple sclerosis) and IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)

34
Q

Cadherins do what type of cell adhesion?

A

Homotypic (especially epithelia)

35
Q

Cadherins bind through

A

Adherens junction: actin cytoskeleton + desmosomes

36
Q

Desmogelins

A

Type of cadherin, targeted by pemphigus

37
Q

Most common immune mediated skin disease in dog and cat

A

Pemphigus foliaceus

38
Q

alpha 4-integrins

A

Important for recruitment of lymphocytes ad monocytes to inflammation sites

39
Q

Homotypic adhesion

A

Adherence of cell to similar cell

Ex: epithelial cells in epithelial sheet

40
Q

Heterotypic adhesion

A

Adherence of cell to dissimilar cell

Ex: neuron + Schwann cell, neutrophil + endothelial cell

41
Q

Cadherin location

A

Plasma membrane of most cells

42
Q

Cadherin side chains

A

Carbohydrate side chains (affect strength and specificity)

43
Q

Intracellular attachment proteins

A

Attach adhesive junction to cytoskeleton filaments (inside plasma membrane)

44
Q

How do intracellular attachment proteins attach adhesive junction to cytoskeleton filaments?

A

Form thick plaque on cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane

45
Q

How do connexins form gap junctions?

A

2 hemichannels/connexins from opposing cells stick together to form intercellular gap junction channel

46
Q

Why are integrins “linker” and no “adhesive” proteins?

A

Weak binding → low affinity allows for exploration of environment → prevents “gluing” of cell to ECM

Physiology Exam 3 (9 decks)

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