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Cell Bio > Extracellular Matrix > Flashcards

Extracellular Matrix Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the function of extracellular matrix?

A

1) structure
2) defense and protection (barrier)
3) nutrition (diffusion of metabolic fuels)
4) diffusion of gases, molecules and ions
5) cell growth and survival
6) cell migration
7) lubrication

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2
Q

What are the three ECM constituents?

A

ground substance, fibers, and elastic

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3
Q

What is in the ground substance of ECM?

A

1) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
2) proteoglycans
3) water
4) adhesive glycoproteins

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4
Q

What are the fibers in ECM?

A

collagen, reticular (type III collagen), and elastic

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5
Q

What is the hallmark of tissue repair?

A

granulation tissue

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6
Q

How is granulation tissue characterized?

A

loose ECM with a lot of ground substance, very vascular, scattered collagen fibers, and edema from excess fluid. eventually formation of scar (dense collagenous tissue)

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7
Q

How does ECM drive the cell cycle?

A

more contact with ECM leads to an increased chance of cell division

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8
Q

Why does cell to cell contact inhibit cell division?

A

the contact between cells create a stable cellular environment (does not have contact with growth factors in ECM)

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9
Q

What is the another repair mechanism besides granulation tissue?

A

damaged cells are replaced by functionall cells if the ECM framework remains intact to structure cell growth. if ECM framework is lost, then granulation tissue repair is used

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10
Q

What happens to the hydrated state of tissue when there is excessive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans?

A

increases due to the negatively charged carboxyl groups (high affinity for water)

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11
Q

What are some glycosaminoglycans that exist in ECM?

A

1) dermatan sulfate
2) chondroitin sulfate
3) heparan sulfate
4) keratan sulfate
5) hyaluronic acid
6) heparin

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12
Q

Explain what could cause protrusion of the eyes in Grave’s disease.

A

increased deposition of glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid) in retro-orbital space

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13
Q

What is syndecan?

A

transmembrane proteoglycan that is a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor (FGF), aids in controlling proliferation and differentiation

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14
Q

What is perlecan?

A

proteglycan in the dermal-epidermal junction, capillaries, and hair follicle. also help with proliferation and differentiation

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15
Q

What happens when the gene for perlecan is inactivated?

A

defective skeletal development. without perlecan, skeletal tissue is unable to develop and this leads to severe skeletal deformation

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16
Q

Where is fibronectin found?

A

connective tissue, blood plasma, and embryonic tissue

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17
Q

Where is laminin found?

A

basal lamina

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18
Q

Where is entactin found?

A

basal lamina

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19
Q

Where is tenascin found?

A

embryonic tissue

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20
Q

Where is chondronectin found?

A

cartilage

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21
Q

Where is osteonectin found?

A

bone

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22
Q

What happens when we disrupt fibronectin?

A

cells cannot differentiate

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23
Q

What is the most abundant type of collagen?

A

type I

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24
Q

What is another name for type III collagen?

A

reticular

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25
Q

What type of collagen is found in dermis, tendon, bone, fibrocartilage, etc?

A

I

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26
Q

What type of collagen is found in hyaline an elastic cartilage?

A

II

27
Q

What type of collagen is found in basal lamina?

A

IV

28
Q

What type of collagen is found in dermis?

A

VII

29
Q

What type of collagen is found in spleen, liver, lymph nodes, smooth muscle, skin and lungs?

A

III

30
Q

What amino acid is measured to calculate the concentration of collagen?

A

hydroxyproline

31
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the human body?

A

collagen

32
Q

What are the two ways to turnover collagen?

A

proteolytic degradation and phagocytic degradation. lysosomal hydrolases play a big role in this

33
Q

What’s the name of the cells that synthesize collagen?

A

fibroblasts

34
Q

What stain can be used to detect reticular fibers (collagen type III)?

A

silver stains because reticular fibers are argyrophilic (silver loving), PAS positive as well

35
Q

What staining techniques can be used to identify fibers and lamellae?

A

Resourcin-fuchsin and Verhoeff

36
Q

What is the composition of elastic fiber?

A

proelastin (desmosine and isodesmosine)
microfibril-associated glycoprotein
fibrillin (I & II)

37
Q

What disease is associated with defect in type III collagen? Symptoms: varicose veins, aortic rupture, and intestinal rupture

A

Ehlers-Danlos type IV

38
Q

What disease is associated with defective hydroxylation of lysine? Symptoms: hyperelasticity of the skin, rupture of the eyeball

A

Ehlers-Danlos type VI

39
Q

What disease is associated with defective type I collagen? Symptoms: joint dislocation and hypermobility of joints.

A

Ehlers-Danlos type VII

40
Q

What disease is associated with decreased hydroxylation of proline caused by a deficiency in vitamin C? Symptoms: gum ulceration and hemorrhages

A

Scurvy

41
Q

What disease is associated with defect in the synthesis of type I collagen? Symptoms: spontaneous fractures and cardiac insufficiency.

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

42
Q

What disease is associated with defective synthesis of elastic fibers? Symptoms: aortic aneurysm or rupture, myopia, detached lens, skeletal defects (long thin arms, legs, toes, and fingers), pectus excavatum (sternum caves in) and scoliosis

A

Marfan Syndrome

43
Q

What is the basal lamina composed of?

A

lamina lucida and lamina densa

44
Q

What is the basement membrane composed of?

A

basal lamina plus lamina fibroreticularis

45
Q

What is the function of collagen VII in the basement membrane?

A

it serves to anchor the lamina densa and lamina fibroreticularis

46
Q

What is fibroreticularis?

A

fibronectin and types I & III collagen

47
Q

What staining technique can be used to identify membranous nephropathy?

A

silver methenamine stain

48
Q

What adhesive glycoproteins can be found in basal lamina?

A

laminin and entactin

49
Q

What adhesive glycoproteins can be found in embryonic tissue?

A

fibronectin and tenascin

50
Q

What adhesive glycoproteins can be found in cartilage?

A

chondronectin

51
Q

What adhesive glycoproteins can be found in bone?

A

osteonectin

52
Q

What adhesive glycoproteins can be found in blood plasma?

A

fibronectin

53
Q

What adhesive glycoproteins can be found in connective tissue?

A

fibronectin

54
Q

What does fibronectin bind to?

A 
integrins
collagen 
heparin
heparan sulfate
hyaluronic acid
55
Q

What does laminin bind to?

A

integrins
heparan sulfate
collagen (IV)
entactin

56
Q

What does entactin bind to?

A

laminin
integrin
type IV collagen

57
Q

What does tenascin bind to?

A

syndecans and fibronectin

58
Q

What does chondronectin bind to?

A

collagen (II)
chondrotin sulfates
hyaluronic acid
integrins of chondrocytes

59
Q

What does osteonectin bind to?

A

collagen (I)
proteoglycans
integrins of bone cells (osteocytes and osteoblasts)

60
Q

Where will you find type I collagen?

A 
dermis
tendon
bone
dentin
cementum
fibrocatilage
organ capsules
61
Q

Where will you find type II collagen?

A

hyalin and elastic cartilage

62
Q

Where will you find type III collagen?

A 
spleen
liver
lymph nodes
smooth muscle
skin
lung
63
Q

Where will you find type IV collagen?

A

basal lamina

64
Q

Where will you find type VII collagen?

A

dermis

Cell Bio (11 decks)

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