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Cell Bio > Epithelium 1 > Flashcards

Epithelium 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where would you find epithelial cells in the body?

A

external and internal surfaces and lines body tubes (ex. blood vessels, GI tract, and respiratory passageways)

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2
Q

What are the three epithelial cell domains?

A

apical, lateral, basal

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3
Q

Does epithelia have blood supply?

A

No, they are avascular with the exception of stra vascularis

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4
Q

What are the characteristics used to classify epithelia?

A

1) number of cell layers
2) cell shape of the superficial layer
3) presence of specializations of plasma membrane (ie keratin)

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of simple epithelia?

A

single layer

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified epithelia?

A

multiple layers

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of squamous epithelia?

A

flattened, scale-like

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of cuboidal epithelia?

A

height is about equal to width

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of columnar epithelia?

A

much taller than they are wide

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of pseudostratified epthelia?

A
  • only one layer of cells
  • all cells have connections to the basement membrane
  • they appear to be stacked on top of each other.
    Be careful with this, it gives the false impression that it is stratified, but it is only one layer (hence “pseudo”stratified)
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11
Q

What are the functions of simple squamous epithelia?

A

blood- brain barrier
filtration
exchange of nutrients

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12
Q

What are some locations of simple squamous epithelia?

A

endothelium (lining of blood vessels)
mesothelium (lining of abdominal cavity)
alveolus (lining in the lungs)

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13
Q

What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelia?

A

absorption
secretion
barrier
conduit

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14
Q

Where can you find simple cuboidal epithelia?

A

thyroid follicles
renal tubules
ducts of glands

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15
Q

What the two types of simple columnar epithelia?

A

non-ciliated and ciliated

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16
Q

Where can you find ciliated simple columnar epithelia?

A

uterine tube

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17
Q

What are the functions of ciliated simple columnar epithelia?

A

absorption
secretion
barrier

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18
Q

Where can you find non-ciliated simple columnar epithelia?

A

stomach, intestines

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19
Q

Where can you find pseudostratified columnar epithelia?

A

trachea, bronchi, ducts of male reproductive system (actually sterocilia)

20
Q

What are the functions of psuedostraified columnar epithelia?

A

secretion
absorption
barrier
transport

21
Q

What are the two types of stratified squamous epithelia?

A

non-keratinized and keratinized

22
Q

Where can you find non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia?

A

esophagus
distal anal canal
vagina

23
Q

What are the functions of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia?

A

barrier and protection

24
Q

Where can you find keratinized stratified squamous epithelia?

A

epidermis

25
Q

What are the funcitons of keratinized stratified squamous epithelia?

A

barrier and protection

26
Q

What is the difference between non-keratinized and keratinized squamour stratified epithelia?

A

non-keratinized are live cells; keratinized cells are dead (easily slough off) and they are packed with keratin

27
Q

What are keratin pearls?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

28
Q

What is the special feature of transitional epithelia that is much different than all the other epithelia?

A

they can be stretched out (ie allows for bladder to expand)

29
Q

Where can you find transitional epithelia?

A

ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

30
Q

What are the functions of transitional epithelia?

A

barrier, protection, distention

31
Q

A patient has chronic gastric acid reflux, what type of epithelia would you suspect to find in the distal end of the esophagus?

A

it is normally stratified squamous, non-keratinized, but in this patient the epithelium will transform itself to become more like intestinal epithelium with goblet cells. This is a protective mechanism, but unfortunately is also pre-cancerous

32
Q

What are some specializations of the plasmalemma?

A

cilia
flagella
microvilli
stereocilia

33
Q

What are the three types of cilia?

A

motile, primary aka moncilium (nonmotile), nodal (motile)

34
Q

Describe the structure of motile cilium.

A

9 doublets of microtubules
dynein arms extend from the microtubules
two individual microtubules in the center

35
Q

Describe the structure of primary or monocilium (nonmotile)

A

also 9 doublets, but do not have central two microtubules.

36
Q

What are the functions of primary, monocilium?

A
  • chemosensors, osmoreceptors, and mechanoreceptors
  • mediate light, taste, and sound perception
  • also have important role in normal tissue morphogenesis
37
Q

What happens when there’s a mutation in either polycystin 1 or 2 genes?

A

the orientation of the spindle will change leading to cystic tubular expansion and cysts form in result

38
Q

Where are nodal cilia located?

A

primitive node

39
Q

Describe the structure of nodal cilia.

A

have the structure of noncilium (9x2), but it is motile and does contain dyenin (ATP production)

40
Q

Nodia cilia is important for which stage of embryological development?

A

right and left axis formation

the nodal cilia spins from right to left, directing fluid flow for axis formation

41
Q

Describe the structure of microvilli.

A
  • extension of plasma membrane at apical domain of the cell

- actin microfilaments cross-linked by variety of cytoskeletal proteins

42
Q

What is the function of microvilli in the intestine?

A

increase surface area

43
Q

What is striated/ brush border?

A

well-developed microvilli

44
Q

What stain can be used to identify brush border area? What is the cell coat?

A

PAS, glycocalyx

45
Q

What are stereocilia?

A

elongated microvilli

46
Q

A patient presents with chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus, what is the diagnosis?

A

Kartagenar Syndrome

the triad of symptoms are hallmark of this diagnosis

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