extra stuff Flashcards
ACTH stands for
adreno-corticotropic hormone
what releases ACTH
pituitary gland
where are the adrenal glands
on top of the kidney
effects of cortisol on the body
helps mobilise glucose for energy to cope with stress
cortisol levels in blood too high
recognised by hypothalamus and hippocampus
shutting off of stress response by negative feedback
HPT axis
hypothalamic - pituitary - thyroid axis
high peripheral testosterone in pre-natal boys leads to…
high post-natal brain oestradiol
dual action of oestrogen in regulating male sexual activity
regulatory effect –> binds to nuclear receptors, regulates gonadal testosterone secretion (chronic)
neuromodulatory effect –> binds to membrane receptors, acute release
problems causes by excess GR activation
Glucocortiocoid receptors are activated by released cortisol in times of stress
too much glutamate transmission –> glutatmate-induced excitotoxicity
what is a righting reflex
reflex that corrects the orientation of the body when it is taken out of its normal upright position.
when is the righting reflex test used
to test for hypnosis when looking at MACs of volatile anaesthetics
what is a withdrawal reflex
spinal reflex intended to protect the body from damaging/noxious stimuli
when is the withdrawal reflex used
to test for immobility when looking at MACs of voltaile anaesthetics
what is the MAC-awake test
used to measure the minimum conc required to suppress the response to a verbal command e.g. eye opening
EAAT
glutamate transporter
Glu into cells
