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Neuropharmacology > Cocaine/Amphetamine - dopamine system > Flashcards

Cocaine/Amphetamine - dopamine system Flashcards

1
Q

cocaine and amphetamine are both types of

A

psychostimulants

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2
Q

is reward the same as pleasure

A

no

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3
Q

effect of cocaine on dopamine

A

increases dopamine concentration
spatially –> increases distribution of dopamine

antagonises dopamine transporters
temporal –> causes dopamine to remain in synaptic cleft

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4
Q

3 types of monamine transporters

A

NET - Norepinephrine transporter
DAT - dopamine transporter
SERT - serotonin reuptake transporter

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5
Q

what normally takes up released dopamine

A

sodium coupled transporters

e.g. DAT

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6
Q

competitive agonist for dopamine receptors

A

amphetamine

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7
Q

precursor of dopamine

A

L-DOPA

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8
Q

problems caused by injecting cocaine

A

necrosis around injection site

vasoconstriction

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9
Q

cocathylene

A

toxic substance produced by liver when cocaine is interacts with alcohol

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10
Q

amphetamine compared to cocaine

A 
much longer effects (1-2 hours)
cheaper
no harmful interactions with alcohol
stereotyped repetitive movements
doesnt last in your body as long
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11
Q

tyrosine to adrenaline pathway

A

tyrosine –> DOPA –> Dopamine –> Noradrenaline –> Adrenaline

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12
Q

dopamine receptors that activate adenyl cyclase (Gas)

A

D1 and D5

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13
Q

dopamine receptors that inhibit adenyl cyclase (Gai)

A

D2
D3
D4

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14
Q

5 dopaminergic pathways

A 
nigrostriatal
mesolimbic
mesocortical
tuberoinfundibular
unknown
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15
Q

main reward pathway

A

mesolimbic

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16
Q

VTA

A

ventral tegmental area

in the midbrain

17
Q

mesolimbic pathway connects

A

VTA to the nucleus accumbens

midbrain to forebrain

18
Q

what type of neurotransmitter is dopamine

A

monoamine

19
Q

2 areas of brain where dopamine is concentration

A

MIDBRAIN:
substantia nigra
ventral tegmental area

20
Q

what does the nigrostriatal pathway connect

A

substantia nigra to the striatum

21
Q

mesocortical pathway connects

A

VTA to cerebral cortex

22
Q

dopamine transporter function

A

removes dopamine from synaptic cleft

23
Q

simple reason why cocaine increases dopamine concentration

A

blocks dopamine re-uptake transporters
dopamine remains in synaptic cleft
causes constant impulses of dopamine (hyperactivity)

24
Q

effect of cocaine on post synaptic receptors

A

constantly stimulated with increase of dopamine in synaptic cleft
numbers of receptors decrease to prevent over-stimulation
when cocaine is removed, less pleasure can be felt
reduction in D2 receptors leads to addiction

25
Q

simple pharmacology of cocaine

A

increases spatial distribution and temporal concentration of dopamine by antagonising dopamine transporters

26
Q

mechanism of dopamine transporters

A

co-transporters

Na+/Cl- travel down conc gradient
provide gradient for active transport of dopamine

27
Q

why does amphetamine have less of an effect on general mood than cocaine

A

it doesnt affect serotonin

28
Q

average time period cocaine lasts

A

30 minutes

short lasting

29
Q

why can cocaine cause you to drop dead at 50

A

if you take cocaine with alcohol when you’re younger
produces cocathylene
neurotoxicity to the heart
lesions to the heart can manifest later in life

30
Q

main nigrostriatal function

A

motor function

dysregulation leads to parkinsons

31
Q

mesolimbic pathway associated with what behaviour

A

reward learning

e.g. reward prediction

32
Q

mesocortical pathway associated with what behaviour

A

reward anticipation and reward consumption (how big is the reward?)

33
Q

effects of tuberinfundibular pathway

A

release and secretion of prolactin hormone from anterior pituitary

34
Q

short-term behavioural effects of dopamine stimulation

A

motivation

sustained behaviour that led to the cue

35
Q

long term behavioural effect of dopamine stimulation

A

prediction of cue

Neuropharmacology (14 decks)

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