Extra Nutrition Flashcards
What are the 2 types of autotrophs?
Photoautotroph (uses light energy through photosynthesis)
Chemoautotroph (uses chemical reactions)
What are the two types of protease?
Endopeptidase and Exopeptidase
What is chewing called?
Mastication
What is saliva made of?
Minerals maintain alkaline conditions, mucus is lubricant , lysozyme kill bacteria, amylase
What is the bolus?
Food that has been digested in the mouth
Describe the structure of the stomach
Has ridges called rugae, cardiac sphincter, pyloric sphincter
What do goblet cells secrete and why?
Mucus to protect the stomach wall from enzymes and acid
What is found in the gastric juice of the stomach?
HCL and pepsin
What do Brunner glands in the duodenum secrete?
Mucus for lubrication and alkaline to maintain pH for enzymes
What are the 4 parts of the long intestine?
Caecum, Appendix, Colon, Rectum
Describe the life cycle of a parasite
Live in humans, eggs pooped out, pigs ingest, eggs hatch into larvae forming cysts, uncooked pork
Describe the route of digestion
Buccal Cavity, Oesophagus, Stomach, Liver /Pancreas, Small Intestine (Duodenum, Ileum), Large Intestine
Explain ruminant digestion
Rumen ferments producing B glucose and short fatty acid chains and contains cellulose digesting bacteria, food regurgitated from reticulum to buccal cavity, food reswallowed to omasum, food churned, HCL kills bacteria
How do rabbits get the nutrients from food?
Bacteria is in caecum (after reabsorption), so has to reingest food
Why do canine jaws only move horizontally?
Prevents dislocation due to struggling prey
What are herbivore molars made of?
Cement
Why are enzymes in the cell wall of the small intestine?
So enzymes not lost with gut contents
How do tapeworms obtain their nutrition?
Absorbs pre digested food from host by diffusion, water uptake by osmosis
