Extra Enzymes Flashcards
What are catabolic reactions?
The breakdown of molecules (hydrolysis)
What are anabolic reactions?
The building up of molecules (condensation reaction)
Describe the structure of an enzyme.
Globular protein (soluble, spherical), biological catalysts, R groups on the outside, tertiary
What are the two models for enzyme reactions?
The Lock and Key Model, The Induced Fit Model
Give an example of an enzyme which emphasises the induced fit model.
Lysozyme
Define activation energy.
The minimum energy needed for molecules to collide and react
What effect do enzymes have on activation energy?
Lowers activation energy, so reactions take place at lower temperatures
What is the equation for % increase in mass?
The increase in mass/initial mass x 100
What do extreme changes in pH cause?
Enzymes to denature as bonds are disrupted
Define enzyme turnover number
The maximum number of substrate molecules an enzyme can convert into products per unit time
What key terms could you use for enzymes?
Active site, specific, complementary, successful collisions, enzyme-substrate complex, kinetic energy
Define immobolised enzymes.
Enzymes bound to an inert matrix e.g. alginate beads
Describe the process of immobolised enzymes
Substrates are added to the top, as they flow down they react with the enzymes, product is released from the bottom
Why are immobolised enzymes stabler?
Create a microenvironment allowing them to denature at higher temps and pHs
Give 3 examples where immobolised enzymes are used?
In lactose free milk (lactose broken down), HFCS, biosensors
Explain the role of biosensors.
Is an enzyme and a transducer which can detect specific molecules by converting chemical signals to electrical (quantitative data). Detects diabetes. Blood put in, urea passes through partially permeable membrane, glucose detected.
