Extra notes for final exam Flashcards
this is when there is an absence of digestive enzyme lactase
lactose intolerant
what groups of people are prone to being lactose intolerant?
Asians, native americans, African americans
what is the normal blood glucose?
80-100 mg/dL
what are the two hormones involved in maintaining blood glucose levels?
insulin and glucagon
what organ secretes insulin?
pancreas
when glucose is stored in the muscle and liver, it is converted to what?
glycogen (found in plants)
what is the RDI of carbohydrates?
55-65%.. total daily calorie intake 25-35g of fiber
what is the rdi of protein?
depends on body size and physical activity.. 40g-65g day
what is the rdi of lipids?
based on 2,000 calorie, no more than 30% should be from fat
this should be the proper food unit to eat, yet people mistake it for eating what is in front of them
consumption norm
these can be an excellent source of low fat, fiber nutrients
carbohydrates
what is the primary role of carbohydrates?
to give energy
refined sugars=
simple sugars
does fiber give energy?
no
food that is foritifed with abundant nutrients like vitamins, minerals, lutein, flavonoids, and isoflavones
functional foods
what are examples of functional foods?
the addition to calcium to orange juice and flavonoids in grape juice and red wine
what can sugar be used as?
a preservative.. and can pull water from cells and disable them
what can cause a deficiency in vitamin B12?
completely eliminating animal protein from diet
this type of vegetarian includes eggs and dairy products
lacto-ovo vegetarian
what is a lactovegetarian?
dairy products are only foods of animal origin
this consumes no foods of animal origin
vegan
this only eats fruit
fruitarian
what are good sources of protein for vegetarians?
beans, nuts, seeds, soy foods, tofu, vegetarian, meat substitutes, eggs and dairy products
what vitamin causes neural tube defects?
deficiency of folate (b9)
what do neural tube defects include?
spina bifida (embryonic failure of fusion of one or more vertebral arches)
anecenphaly (absence of bones of the cranial vault and cerebal and cerebellar hemispheres)
encephalocele (gap in the skull with herniation of the brain)
major enzyme groups are named to represent the job they do or the food they work on
protease works on protein
what are the roles of lipids?
insoluble against the cold
cushion organs against injury
components of every body cell
good source of energy
gives a sense of satiety and slow digestion
carry fat soluble vitamins ADEK
make food taste good and give it a preferred and creamy texture
provide fatty acids and sometimes contain phosphorous
largest category of lipids
triglycerides
this comprises 95% of all fats found in food and body adipose tissue
triglycerides
these contain all of the EAA’s in the needed proportion
complete proteins
what provides complete protein and incomplete?
complete: animal protein such as meat milk, eggs, fish, crustaceans
incomplete: plant protein
lack of dietary protein.. edema accounts for the pot bellied look on starving kids in underdeveloped countries
kwashiokor
this type of cholesteriol keeps the heart healthy
hdl
what are common eating patterns for patients with HIV/AIDS?
many aids pt. will eat diets high in simple carb for taste and palatiblity when their desire for food is minimal..
comfort foods like milkshakes, pudding, ice cream keep energy levels high when there is appatite for other foods
high risk for caries
what is omega 3?
linoleic acid
where is omega 3 found?
flaxseed, canola or soybean oil, walnuts, tuna, and salmon
what does the number 3 mean in omega 3?
carbon the double bond is located
referred to as anticardiovascular disease nutrient and helps keep blood thin
omega 3
what CANT our bodies make ?
omega 3
these form an amino acid pattern equal to that found in complete protein by combing two foods in the same meal.. example- combining grains and legumes, eaten together they from this
complete protein
these are more invisible than structural proteins and can dissolve in the body fluids to be carried to all parts of the body to do their work
functional proteins
what do functional proteins do?
regulate activity in the bodys fluid compartments, synthesis of horomes, enzymes and antibodies, transport lipoporteins, and chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) and regulates PH in mouth
where does most digestion take place?
jejenum
what is the intestinal transit time?
24 hrs - 3 weeks
what type of fiber gives you bulk?
insoluble
whata re the building blocks of protein?
amino acids
what do amino acids contain?
CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN SOMTIMES SULFUR
what % of familied watch tv while eating?
66%
what fatty acid raises cholesterol levels?
saturated
what are trans fats?
created when oils are partially hydrogenated
