Extra notes for final exam

Question 1

this is when there is an absence of digestive enzyme lactase

Answer 1

lactose intolerant

Question 2

what groups of people are prone to being lactose intolerant?

Answer 2

Asians, native americans, African americans

Question 3

what is the normal blood glucose?

Answer 3

80-100 mg/dL

Question 4

what are the two hormones involved in maintaining blood glucose levels?

Answer 4

insulin and glucagon

Question 5

what organ secretes insulin?

Answer 5

pancreas

Question 6

when glucose is stored in the muscle and liver, it is converted to what?

Answer 6

glycogen (found in plants)

Question 7

what is the RDI of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

55-65%.. total daily calorie intake 25-35g of fiber

Question 8

what is the rdi of protein?

Answer 8

depends on body size and physical activity.. 40g-65g day

Question 9

what is the rdi of lipids?

Answer 9

based on 2,000 calorie, no more than 30% should be from fat

Question 10

this should be the proper food unit to eat, yet people mistake it for eating what is in front of them

Answer 10

consumption norm

Question 11

these can be an excellent source of low fat, fiber nutrients

Answer 11

carbohydrates

Question 12

what is the primary role of carbohydrates?

Answer 12

to give energy

Question 13

refined sugars=

Answer 13

simple sugars

Question 14

does fiber give energy?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

food that is foritifed with abundant nutrients like vitamins, minerals, lutein, flavonoids, and isoflavones

Answer 15

functional foods

Question 16

what are examples of functional foods?

Answer 16

the addition to calcium to orange juice and flavonoids in grape juice and red wine

Question 17

what can sugar be used as?

Answer 17

a preservative.. and can pull water from cells and disable them

Question 18

what can cause a deficiency in vitamin B12?

Answer 18

completely eliminating animal protein from diet

Question 19

this type of vegetarian includes eggs and dairy products

Answer 19

lacto-ovo vegetarian

Question 20

what is a lactovegetarian?

Answer 20

dairy products are only foods of animal origin

Question 21

this consumes no foods of animal origin

Answer 21

vegan

Question 22

this only eats fruit

Answer 22

fruitarian

Question 23

what are good sources of protein for vegetarians?

Answer 23

beans, nuts, seeds, soy foods, tofu, vegetarian, meat substitutes, eggs and dairy products

Question 24

what vitamin causes neural tube defects?

Answer 24

deficiency of folate (b9)

Question 25

what do neural tube defects include?

Answer 25

spina bifida (embryonic failure of fusion of one or more vertebral arches) anecenphaly (absence of bones of the cranial vault and cerebal and cerebellar hemispheres) encephalocele (gap in the skull with herniation of the brain)

Question 26

major enzyme groups are named to represent the job they do or the food they work on

Answer 26

protease works on protein

Question 27

what are the roles of lipids?

Answer 27

insoluble against the cold cushion organs against injury components of every body cell good source of energy gives a sense of satiety and slow digestion carry fat soluble vitamins ADEK make food taste good and give it a preferred and creamy texture provide fatty acids and sometimes contain phosphorous

Question 28

largest category of lipids

Answer 28

triglycerides

Question 29

this comprises 95% of all fats found in food and body adipose tissue

Answer 29

triglycerides

Question 30

these contain all of the EAA's in the needed proportion

Answer 30

complete proteins

Question 31

what provides complete protein and incomplete?

Answer 31

complete: animal protein such as meat milk, eggs, fish, crustaceans incomplete: plant protein

Question 32

lack of dietary protein.. edema accounts for the pot bellied look on starving kids in underdeveloped countries

Answer 32

kwashiokor

Question 33

this type of cholesteriol keeps the heart healthy

Answer 33

hdl

Question 34

what are common eating patterns for patients with HIV/AIDS?

Answer 34

many aids pt. will eat diets high in simple carb for taste and palatiblity when their desire for food is minimal.. comfort foods like milkshakes, pudding, ice cream keep energy levels high when there is appatite for other foods high risk for caries

Question 35

what is omega 3?

Answer 35

linoleic acid

Question 36

where is omega 3 found?

Answer 36

flaxseed, canola or soybean oil, walnuts, tuna, and salmon

Question 37

what does the number 3 mean in omega 3?

Answer 37

carbon the double bond is located

Question 38

referred to as anticardiovascular disease nutrient and helps keep blood thin

Answer 38

omega 3

Question 39

what CANT our bodies make ?

Answer 39

omega 3

Question 40

these form an amino acid pattern equal to that found in complete protein by combing two foods in the same meal.. example- combining grains and legumes, eaten together they from this

Answer 40

complete protein

Question 41

these are more invisible than structural proteins and can dissolve in the body fluids to be carried to all parts of the body to do their work

Answer 41

functional proteins

Question 42

what do functional proteins do?

Answer 42

regulate activity in the bodys fluid compartments, synthesis of horomes, enzymes and antibodies, transport lipoporteins, and chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) and regulates PH in mouth

Question 43

where does most digestion take place?

Answer 43

jejenum

Question 44

what is the intestinal transit time?

Answer 44

24 hrs - 3 weeks

Question 45

what type of fiber gives you bulk?

Answer 45

insoluble

Question 46

whata re the building blocks of protein?

Answer 46

amino acids

Question 47

what do amino acids contain?

Answer 47

CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN SOMTIMES SULFUR

Question 48

what % of familied watch tv while eating?

Answer 48

66%

Question 49

what fatty acid raises cholesterol levels?

Answer 49

saturated

Question 50

what are trans fats?

Answer 50

created when oils are partially hydrogenated