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Dental Nutrition > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the primary role of vitamins in the body?

A

energy metabolism
tissue synthesis
antioxidants
rbc synthesis

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2
Q

this is a silver-white metallic mineral essential for mineralization of bones and teeth

A

magnesium

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3
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin D?

A

bone growth with the assistance of calcium and phosphorus

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4
Q

what is the most toxic water soluble vitamin?

A

pyrocidine B6

it can be stored in liver and muscle

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5
Q

Where can Vitamin E be found?

A

Margarine, vegetable shortening, salad dressing, whole grains, nuts, and legumes

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6
Q

What are food soruces of Riboflavin?

A

milk, meat, poultry, fish enriched, whole grains, and cereals

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7
Q

what are the seven major minerals?

A 
calcium
chloride
magnesium
phosphorus
potassium
sodium
sulfur
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8
Q

what vitamin is a cofactor for synthesis of prothombin for blood clotting?

A

vitamin K

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9
Q

this is a soft silvery metal and is one of the two elements of table salt, used for food flavoring.. functions as a cation in an extracellular fluid to regulate balance

A

sodium

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10
Q

these HELP with the metabolic reaction that releases energy within the food molecules

A

vitamins

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11
Q

what mineral is a concern for fish?

A

mercury

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12
Q

what vitamin is the most toxic?

A

vitamin D- it enhances calcium absorption and too much is detrimental to the heart

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13
Q

what are the deficiencies of folate?

A

fetal neutral tube defects, macrocytic anemia

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14
Q

how much of the body is water?

A

45-70%

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15
Q

this assists with the formation of teeth and bones and acts as an enzyme in energy metabolism and protein synthesis and is necessary for muscle contractions

A

phosphorus

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16
Q

how much magnesium is stored in bones and teeth?

A

60%

39% in soft tissues and 1% in extracellular fluid

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17
Q

what is the major role in the human body of water?

A 
solvent for chemical process
removes and dilutes toxic waste
transport system
builds tissue
regulates body temp.
cushions delicate tissues
moistens mucous membranes
maintains blood volume
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18
Q

this is found in intracellular fluid, working with sodium and chloride on the outside, in extracellular fluid to maintain water balance in the bodys fluid compartments

A

potassium

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19
Q

what fish have high levels of mercury?

A

shark, sword fish, and mackereal

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20
Q

this helps form DNA, RNA and RBC found in dark green leafy veggies and orange juice

A

folate (b9)

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21
Q

this is the synthesis of protein collagen, antioxidant, and wound healing.. causes scurvy and found in fruits and veggies and fortified foods

A

vitamin C, ascorbic acid

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22
Q

these are absorbed with dietary fats through the small intestines, sent to liver and fat depots, they also circulate through blood with help of chylomicrons and lipoproteins

A

fat soluble vitamins

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23
Q

what is the most toxic water soluble vitamin?

A

pyrocidine B6

it can be stored in liver and muscle

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24
Q

what are the roles of minerals?

A 
electrolytes
tissue synthesis
energy metabolism
cofactors in chemical reactions
facilitators in the antioxidant process
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25
Q

What precursor is used to make Niacin?

A

Trytophan

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26
Q

What are sources you can get Vitamin A from?

A

carrots, yellow and orange fruits and veggies, spinach, broccoli, liver, eggs, butter, and fortified foods

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27
Q

what is osteomalacia?

A

softening of the bones, typically through a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium.

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28
Q

The function of this is cell function to coenzyme to b2 RBC formation, with a deficiency in pellegra

A

Niacin (B3)

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29
Q

What are the oral deficiency symptoms of Vitamin D?

A

loss of alveolar bone thinning trabeculae

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30
Q

what are the antioxidants?

A

A,C,E

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31
Q

what makes the tooth structure less soluble and more resistant to demin?

A

the hydroxyl ion in the tooth combines with the fluoride ion to form fluorohydroxyapatite

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32
Q

these are chemical compounds that protect body tissue from damage caused by free roaming oxygen atoms and automatically intercept oxygen and free radicals

A

antioxidants

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33
Q

This vitamin is the only one found exclusively in animal food

A

B-12

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34
Q

what effect does pyridoxine (b6) have on the oral cavity?

A

can cause angular chelitis

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35
Q

what types of deficiencies are associated with calcium?

A

rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis

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36
Q

what are the common trace minerals?

A 
chromium
cobalt
copper
fluoride
iodine
iron
lithium
manganese
molybdenum
nickel
selenium
silicone
tin
vanadium
zinc
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37
Q

what are minerals?

A 
essential
inorganic
noncaloric
metals
small electrically charged particles
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38
Q

this vitamin helps build tissues and develop RBC and is found in animal foods only or fortified foods

A

cobalamin B12

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39
Q

where are phylates found?

A

in fiber and bind with zinc

40
Q

what type of diseases do vitamins cure?

A

only ones related to the vitamins metabolic functions

41
Q

what increases the retention of calcium in teeth and bones?

A

fluoride

42
Q

What is the function of Riboflavin (B2)?

A

Growth, repair and production of RBC and ATP

43
Q

this is the only mineral considered non essential, found in drinking water, soil, tea, seafood, RDI 3mg, and an excess releates in dental fluorosis

A

fluoride

44
Q

what minerals function as electrolytes?

A

sodium
potassium
chloride

45
Q

What is the function of Vitamin A?

A

formation of epithelium, skin, and mucous membranes, healthy eyes and bone remodeling

46
Q

Natural vs synthetic vitamins?

A

the body does not recognize the difference between them

47
Q

This vitamin has the function of providing energy metabolism, and has a deficiency in beriberi

A

Thiamin (B1)

48
Q

what can vitamin c do to the mouth?

A

can cause red to purplish, swollen, bleeding, gingival tissues and loose teeth and slow healing.

49
Q

what minerals are needed for tissue synthesis?

A 
calcium
fluoride
zinc
phosphorus
magnesium
50
Q

What are some deficiencies associated with Vitamin D?

A

rickets
osteomalacia
osteoporosis and calcium deficiency

51
Q

what minerals are used for energy metabolism?

A 
phosphorus
magnesium
manganese
iodine
chromium
52
Q

What deficiencies are associated with Vitamin A?

A

night blindness, impaired tooth formation and keratinized epithelial tissues

53
Q

what food sources contain pyridoxine?

A

meat, poultry, fish, eggs, liver, brown rice and lentils and peanuts

54
Q

this is when vitamins and mnerals are added to a food such as cereal and milk?

A

fortification

55
Q

This is a coenzyme in energy metabolism and glycogen synthesis and found in cauliflower, cooked eggs, peanuts and cheese

A

Biotin

56
Q

These are absorbed through the small intestines and excess is excreted in the urine

A

water soluble vitamins

57
Q

What is the function of Pyridoxine (B6)?

A

brain function and production of RBC

58
Q

Where are fat soluble vitamins stored and water soluble?

A

bodys fat depots

excreted daily

59
Q

these bind minerals and prevent their absorption?

A

phylates and oxylates

60
Q

What deficiencies are associated with Vitamin E?

A

hemolytic anemia

61
Q

these are calorie free molecules needed by the body in very small quantities to help with metabolic processes

A

vitamins

62
Q

What are some oral deficiency symptoms from Vitamin A?

A

xerostomia, oral leukoplakia, hyperkeratosis, hyperplastic gingival tissue

63
Q

how much water is recommended for average inactive man and woman?

A

8, 8 oz. glasses of water

64
Q

how much of water is made p of intracellulary?

A

65% of body water, where metabolic work takes place

65
Q

What is the function of Vitamin E?

A

Antioxidant that protects RBC

66
Q

where are oxylates found?

A

leafy greens and bind with calcium

67
Q

on average, how much water is lost every day?

A

10 cups

68
Q

this is second to oxygen as being vital to life

A

water

69
Q

how much of the bodys chemical functions depend on water?

A

99%

70
Q

what year had all 13 currently recognized vitamins been discovered?

A

1940

71
Q

what fish have low levels of mercury?

A

shrimp, tuna, salmon, Pollock, and cat fish

72
Q

what food sources are calcium found in?

A

dairy

animal bones

stone ground meal

tofu

broccoli

legumes

foritifed orange juice

73
Q

how long can the body survive without water?

A

no more than 3 days

74
Q

This is a coenzyme in energy metabolism, rare deficiencies and present in many foods

A

pantothenic acid

75
Q

What are some food sources of Vitamin D?

A

liver, egg yolks, and fish oil

sun, fortified milk and products

76
Q

what is the most abundant mineral in the body?

A

calcium.. 99% in the teeth and bones, 1% is available in blood and soft tissue and is used for conducting nerve signals, contracting muscles, keeping cell membranes permeable, forming bridges between collagen strands and acting as cofactor in the synthesis of blood clotting

77
Q

how much of phosphorus is stored in the teeth and bones?

A

80%

78
Q

this is the partner to table salt, and work together in extracellular fluid to maintain the bodys fluid balance

A

chloride

79
Q

what are the deficiencies of pyridoxine?

A

microcytic anemia depression convulsions

80
Q

What vitamin contains the deficiency with Ariboflavonosis?

A

Riboflavin (B2)

81
Q

what are sources of calcium?

A 
milk
dairy products
sardines
stone ground cornmeal
lime processed tortillas
tofu
broccoli
legumes
fortified grape juice
82
Q

which vitamin has the highest requirement and what is it?

A

Vitamin C (60 mg)

83
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A
D
E
K

84
Q

What effects does Riboflavin cause on the oral cavity?

A

red swollen lips, vertical fissures, chelosis, burning, smooth red tongue, atrophied lingual papillae, red and burning gingival tissues

85
Q

what are the functions of calcium?

A

mineralization of calcified structures

contracting muscles

nerve condition

cofactor in blood clotting protein

86
Q

how much percent is water of extracellulary?

A

35% of body water serving as transport for nutrients and wastes throughout the body

87
Q

What food sources are vitamin B1 found in?

A

pork, enriched grains, milk, legumes and nuts

88
Q

what is the difference between vitamins and minerals?

A

vitamins are organic and minerals are inorganic

89
Q

these are nutrients that were lost during processing are added back to their same level such as flour, rice and bread

A

enriched

90
Q

What food sources contain Niacin?

A

meat, poultry, fish, dark green leafy veggies, enriched grains, peanut butter and peas

91
Q

This type of vitamin clots blood, has a hemorrhaging deficiency, and is found in dark green leafy veggies

A

Vitamin K

92
Q

these can be vitamins, amino acids, minerals, herbs, or botanicals

A

dietary supplements

93
Q

what can dietary supplements be supplied in?

A

tablets, capsule, powder, tea, soft gel, gel cap or liquid

94
Q

wat is USP?

A

united states pharmacopeia. non gonvernmental medical research group. the mark means the supplement has been batch tested for accurate dosage. it is not meant it’s safe and effective

95
Q

what is vitamin o?

A

defendants claimed vitamin O could treat or prevent serious diseases with supplemental lxygen

Dental Nutrition (5 decks)

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