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Dental Nutrition > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is maltiol?

A

alcohol form of mannose and naturally occurs in pineapples, olives, asparagus, sweet potatoes and carrots

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2
Q

why is xylitol the most desireable for all sugar subsitiutes?

A

bacterial plaque does not metabolize xylitol and xylitol has the ability to reduce salivary s mutans in the mouth

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3
Q

what are the different types of fat claims?

A

fat free: 1/2 gram of fat per serving or less

low fat: 3 grams of fat per serving or less

less fat: 25% less fat than original recipe

light: 50% less fat than original

saturated fat free

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4
Q

what can increase the fluoride content?

A

ingestion of fluoride whether in food or water will increase the content.. making it available to strengthen and remin the enamel

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5
Q

what can repair demineralized areas?

A

calcium and phosphate

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6
Q

what are the brand names of Asparatame?

A

NutraSweet, equal, or nutra taste

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7
Q

what is the number one protector of the teeth after saliva?

A

flouride

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8
Q

this nutrient aids in wound healing and helps body resist infection

A

vitamin C

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9
Q

what is the unified dietary guidelines?

A

it has been approved by American cancer society, American heart association, American dietic association, American acadamey of pediatrics and national insititure of health.. and if followed will reduce risk of chronic diseases

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10
Q

what assists with collagen formation which is necessary during wound healing?

A

iron, zinc, and copper

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11
Q

what are some lesser known sugar alcohols?

A

mannitol, lactitol, isomalt and erythritol

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12
Q

what is the normal basic PH for the mouth?

A

7

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13
Q

what foods do not require food labels?

A

food in hospitals, airplanes, vending machines and mall counters

bakery, deli, or candy store than serves ready to eat foods

food shipped in bulk

medical foods that consumed to address needs of diseas

coffee, tea, spices or other nonnutritive foods

food served in restaurant

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14
Q

this foods have a beneficial effect on periodontal tissues because the act of chewing will increase salivary flow which in turns clears food from oral cavity

A

crunchy foods

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15
Q

what are the calorie values for protein?

A

4 calories/gram

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16
Q

how are sugar alcohols different from regular sugar?

A

they do not raise blood glucose levels as table sugar does

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17
Q

this mineral forms collagen, aids with wound healing and regulates inflammatory response

A

iron and zinc

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18
Q

these are retained longer in the mouth and creates an opportunity to accumulate more bacteria which has a greater opportunity for infection and inflammation

A

soft foods

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19
Q

this column helps you figure how much of a nutrient you are getting from a food that contributes to your total daily intake

A

daily value

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20
Q

what is the calorie value of carbohydrates?

A

4 calories/gram

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21
Q

this mineral works with vitamin D and calcium to build and maintain strong alveolar bone

A

Magnesium

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22
Q

this is a cariostatic food that also buffers the acid… when added to the diet caries did not occur but the activity of this had no long lasting effect as fluoride did

A

phosphate

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23
Q

this is 300 times sweeter than sucrose and has been considered unsafe (cause bladder cancer)

A

saccharin (sweet N Low)

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24
Q

what are the host factors that reduce caries risk?

A

teeth with shallow pits and fissures

straight teeth in alignment

good pre-eruptive nutrition

well mineralized newly erupted teeth

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25
Q

what are some good sources of fiber?

A

apples

bananas

blackberries/blueberries/raspberries/strawberries

brussels sprouts

carrots

cherries

cooked beans and peas

dates/digs

grapefruit or oranges.

kiw

pears

prunes

spinach

sweet potatoes

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26
Q

how should you separate your food to avoid cross contamination?

A

separate raw meat, poultry, and seafood from others

have separate cutting boards for all

wash anything that comes into contact with raw meat

use one plate for raw meat, poultry, seafood and another after they’re cooked

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27
Q

what are cruciferous veggies?

A

plant family that has four leaves placed like a cross

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28
Q

how do you compute grams to calories?

A

find number of grams in nutrients..

multiply 4 for carbohydrates, and protein…

multiply 9 for fat

answer is number of calories generated from the nutrient

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29
Q

how is bottle mouth believed to occur?

A

when a child was put to bed with a bottle of milk or sweetened drink

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30
Q

what are some examples of cruciferous veggies?

A

bok choy

broccoli

brussels sprouts

cabbage

cauliflower

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31
Q

this is a cementing substance that assists with wound healing and resisting infection

A

collagen

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32
Q

what are the synthetic sweetners that reduce the caries causing potential of sugar?

A

asparatame, saccharine, and sugar alcohols

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33
Q

this nutrient forms new cells and keeps the immune system healthy

A

B complex

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34
Q

what does the NLEA require food package labels for?

A

all food except meat and poultry and is voluntarily for raw produce an fish

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35
Q

what are the calorie values for alcohol?

A

7 calories/gram

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36
Q

how should foods be cooked to ensure it is cooked properly?

A

use thermometer to determine

cook roasts or steaks to 145, poultry to 180 and pork 160

fish is done when flakes with fork

never use or eat ground beef that is still pink

cook eggs until yolk is firm

microwaved food should be hot throughout

reheated food should be cooked to 165 degrees

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37
Q

this is a type of cariostatic food that elevates the salivary urea which buffers the acid

A

protein

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38
Q

what nutrients assist with tissue synthesis?

A

vitamin A

B complex

vitamin D

calcium

magnesium

protein

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39
Q

what enhances the absorption of calcium and magnesium, assisting with bone development and regeneration?

A

Vitamin D

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40
Q

what is xylitol?

A

the alcohol form of xylose and is the most desirable for all sugar subsitutes

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41
Q

what can be suggested for patients who are diabetic and cannot use sugar substitutes?

A

stevia (sweet leaf and honey leaf)

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42
Q

what are some ways you can clean to ensure your food is cleaned safely?

A

wash hands for 20 seconds with hot soapy water before and after handling food, changing diapers, using bathroom and playing with pet

wash cutting boards, dishes, utensils, and countertops with hot soapy water each time you prepare new food

use disposable paper towel vs dish towel bc it can harbor bacteria

clean liquids that spill in fridge

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43
Q

what are the six factors that determine the caries susceptibility of a tooth?

A
  1. presence of specific bacteria
  2. susceptible tooth structure
  3. carbohydrates in the diet
  4. absence of fluoride
  5. salivary gland hypofunction (SGH)
  6. poor oral hygiene
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44
Q

how do you find the percentage of a nutrient?

A

find total number of calories for serving size

find total number of calories from fat

divide calories from fat by total

multiply by 100 for percentage

45
Q

at what temperature should you keep the refrigerator?

A

under 41 degrees

46
Q

what three main things should you keep track of with the daily value?

A

sodium, saturated fat and sugar

47
Q

this is a multifunction protein in saliva that has antiviral, bacterial, and fungal properties that reduce and render ineffective caries causing bacteria in plaque

A

secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor

48
Q

the presence of this bacteria is needed to initate pit and fissure, smooth surface, and root surface decay

A

s. mutans

49
Q

when does enamel demineralization begin?

A

when the critical pH level drops below 5.5

50
Q

what are factors that determine cariogenecity of diet?

A

physical form of food

frequency of eating events

sequence in which foods are eaten

fats and proteins eaten in a meal can put a protective layer over teeth

consuming dairy products keeps saliva rich in calcium and phosphorous

cheese eaten after sugar prevents ph from dropping below 5.5

51
Q

how long are salivary fluoride levels elevated for after brushing with fluoridated tooth past, bathing teeth and remin enamel?

A

up to three hours

52
Q

what is the recommended exercise per day?

A

30 minutes of physical activity per day, can be in short bursts.. sustained activity levels are best for weight loss

53
Q

this mineral aids with wound healing and prevents harm to cells

A

copper and selenium

54
Q

this nutrient promotes growth, maintenance, repair of all body tissues

A

protein

55
Q

this is the only sugar substitute made from sugar and is made by chlorinating sucrose

A

sucralose (splenda)

56
Q

what else did the NLEA also set guidelines for stating?

A

nutrient claims such as low fat or sugar free and certain FDA approved health claims such as lowers cholesterol

57
Q

what are sugars various names?

A 
brown
corn sweetener
dextrose
fructose
fruit juice concentrate
glucose
honey
high fructose corn syrup
lactose
malt syrup
maltose
molasses
raw sugar
turbinado
syrup
58
Q

this mineral builds and maintains strong alveolar process

A

calcium

59
Q

what are some nutritional recommendations for periodontal health?

A

follow US. dept. of agriculture mypyramid

include foods rich in calcium, b complex vitamins, protein, complex carbohydrates and antioxidants

follow dietary guidelines for healthy americans

take daily dose of RDA vitamins and minerals

include crunchy, chewy foods in the diet to bring healthy saliva into oral cavity

60
Q

what are the benefits for good nutrition on periodontal disease?

A

helps tissues resist infection

strengthens and maintains epithelial barrier

promotes the repair of damaged tissues

61
Q

what are the suggestions of the unified dietary guidelines?

A

eat various foods- most from plant

6 or more servings of breads, cereals, pasta, and grains

choose 5 or more servings of veggies per day

eat high fat foods sparingly, esp. from animals..choose fats and oils with 2g or less saturated fat per tablespoon, such as liquid and tub margarines, canola and olive oil

keep intake of simple sugars to minimum

balance number of ccalories

eat less than 6g of salt per day

no more than one alcoholic drink per day if woman, no more than 2 for men

62
Q

what are groups at risk for dental caries?

A

those with high carbohydrate diet

children/adults

elderly

past dental caries experience

people with xerostomia

people with inadequate fluoride intake

people with poor oral hygiene

63
Q

this is cariostatic and has protective factors that can continue well after the meal has been eaten.. has both antibacatieral and anti plaque capabilities

A

fluoride

64
Q

this assists in the formation of healthy epithelium and is vital for functioning of the immune system

A

vitamin A

65
Q

what are the five common mistakes made when reading labels?

A

if you eat fewer than 2000 calories, adjustment must be made.

redcued fat or reduced sodium only means there is 25% less sodium or fat

thinking DV means percent of calories consumed

assuming amount of sugar listed includes added sugar

forgetting to make adjustment for amount of servings

66
Q

where does xylitol occur naturally?

A

straw, corncobs, fruit, vegatables, cereals, mushrooms and some seaweed…. made from birch tree chips in Europe and corn stalks in US

67
Q

what food clears the oral cavity fastest?

A

liquid clears the oral cavity twice as fast as solid and sticky foods

68
Q

how are ingredients listed?

A

most abundant to least abundant

69
Q

what is the most abundant acid that is created when carbohydrates are metabolized by bacteria?

A

lactic

70
Q

this nutrient builds and maintains healthy epithelium and aids in immune system

A

vitamin A

71
Q

these are government documents carefully crafted by nutritional experts, that it followed, will serve as a foundation for making good food choices for healthy eating habits to prevent certain chronic diseases

A

dietary guidelines

72
Q

if a patient claims they eat a lot of sugar, what can reduce the detrimental effect on the teeth?

A

flouride

73
Q

what is the caries equation?

A

bacteria + carbohydrates = acid demineralization

74
Q

what are the principle minerals that build skeletal bones and teeth?

A

calcium and magnesium

75
Q

why are the elderly at high risk for dental caries?

A

their medications theyre taking has xerostomia as a side effect

76
Q

what are the five different acids created when carbohydrates are metabolized by bacteria?

A 
lactic
formic
proprionic
acetic
buturic
77
Q

why does the FDA mandate that manufacturers place a laxative effect on warning labels?

A

because sugar alcohols can cause cramping, bloating and diarrhea

78
Q

these all work to build and maintain healthy soft tissue and bone

A 
vitamin A
B complex
vitamin D
calcium
magnesium
79
Q

these are posted on the front of the food package to entice shoppers looking for a certain benefit from their food

A

health claim

80
Q

what are the four steps to food safety?

A

clean
separate
cook
chill

81
Q

what is aspartame made of?

A

aspartic acid and the amino acid phenylalanine

82
Q

what are some suggestions for weight loss?

A

aim for slow weight loss versus rapid weight loss

stay away front diets that promise rapid results

reducing your weekly diet by 3,500 calories will result in a 1 lb weight loss

83
Q

the act of chewing crunchy foods often can increase?

A

density of bone surrounding roots of the teeth

84
Q

s mutans starts the caries process and takes it to the enamojunction where what takes over?

A

lactobacillus

85
Q

how is ECC diagnosed?

A

if decay presents on one or more smooth surfaces but is usally seen as extensive decay of all deciduous teeth in children 5 or younger

86
Q

this is sweeter than sucrose and used by more than 100 million people globally

A

aspartame

87
Q

what is required by the NLEA to label on daily values based on a 2,000 calorie diet?

A 
total calories
calories from fat
calories from saturated fat
total fat
polyunsaturated fat
saturated fat
trans fat
monounsaturated fat
cholesterol 
sodium
potassium
total carbs
dietary fiber
soluble fiber
sugars
sugar alcohol
protein
vitamin a
percentage of vitamin a and beta carotene
vitamin c
calcium
iron
other added nutrients
88
Q

this has a high pH and can neutralize acids in the mouth and that demineralize enamel?

A

sodium bicarbonate

89
Q

What are nutrients that repair?

A 
protein
vitamin C
iron
zinc
copper
selenium
90
Q

what is the brand name of Sucralose?

A

Splenda

91
Q

this nutrient aids with calcium absorption

A

vitamin D

92
Q

what are the two main bacteria found living in dental plaque involved in caries formation?

A

streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus

93
Q

what is sorbitol?

A

alcohol form of sucrose made by adding hydrogen to glucose

94
Q

what are the goals for the united states dietary guidelinee?

A

aim for a healthy weight

be physically active each day

let the food pyramid guide your choices

choose various grains daily, esp. whole grains

choose various fruits and veggies daily

keep food safe to eat

choose a diet that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol and moderate in total fat

choose beverages and food to moderate intake of sugars

choose and prepare food with less salt

drink alcoholic beverages in moderation

95
Q

where does sorbitol naturally occur?

A

in fruits, veggies and manufactured from corn syrup

96
Q

what are the calorie values for fat?

A

9 calories/gram

97
Q

what is the brand name of Saccharin?

A

Sweet N Low

98
Q

what does the term bottle mouth refer to?

A

ECC- Early child hood caries

99
Q

how should foods be “chilled” properly?

A

keep fridge 41 degrees or lower to slow bacteria growth

refrigerate or freeze perishables, cooked food and all left overs within 2 hours and put date on container. left overs should be used within 3-5 days

thaw food in fridge or cold water or microwave

marinate all food in fridge

store left overs in small containers

do not over pack fridge

100
Q

what is saliva saturated with?

A

calcium, phosphate, sodium bicarbonate and proteins

101
Q

what type of foods can increase salivation and are most desirable?

A

crunchy or chewy foods

102
Q

all of these nutrients: vitamin A, B complex, Vitamin D, Calcium, Magnesium, and Protein.. help do the following?

A

build healthy soft and hard periodontal tissues

enhance the immune system to fight infection

regulate the immune response

help with wound healing

103
Q

these are foods that do not contribute to the initiation of demineralization or continue the caries process

A

cariostatic foods

104
Q

what did the FDA establish in 1990 and why?

A

the nutrition labeling and education act (NLEA) to help consumers know what they are buying so they can make healthier food and snack selections.

105
Q

what are some other health claims?

A

reduced calorie

low calorie

light

high fiber

sugar free

salt free

106
Q

this is a type of cariostactic food that does not lower oral pH to an acidic level and can actually increase the pH after consuming carbohydrates… and should be eaten before a sugary desert

A

fats

107
Q

what are the most common invaders of bacteria?

A

campylobacter
salomenlla
listeria
e coli

108
Q

both synthetic sweetners and sugar alcohols are what?

A

noncariogenic but only synthetic sweetners are noncaloric

Dental Nutrition (5 decks)

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