exam 4 Flashcards by Tosha Boyd

what occurs if there is a vitamin A dificieny post-eruptively?

salivary glands can atrophy (reducing saliva amount), can also hyperkeratinize normally thin, mucous membranes.. perio tissues can appear hyperkeratinized or hyperplastic with pocket formation tendency

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when is gas created in the colon?

within 30 minutes and up to 2 hours after eating some form of dairy product

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what are characteristics of a toddler?

move to more solid foods

picky eaters

decrease in appetite

snacking is important

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what type of people are prone to GERD?

smokers, obese, pregnant, hiatal hernia, and diabetics

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what occurs if there is a deficiency in vitamin D?

pre-eruptively: enamel or dentin hypoplasia

post-eruptively: osteomalacia in adults and loss of lamina dura

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what are the post eruptive effects of vitamin A?

maintains epithelial tissues and keeps salivary glands working and integrity of sulcular epithelium

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what is pica?

person will crave or eat nonnutritive substances like dirt and laundry detergent

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what types of food are craved during pregnancy?

sweets: 40%
salty: 33%
spicy: 17%
sour: 10%

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this is incorporated into developing tooth to add strength during the pre eruptive stage?

fluoride

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this causes permanent intrinsic tooth staining of ingested during tooth development

tetracycline

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at what age has high cholesterol levels been noted?

as young as age 2.. pediatricians recommend that fat intake be kept around 30% of total daily calorie intake up to 5 yrs.

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what are the post eruptive effects of vitamin C?

helps with formation of collagen, wound healing and formation of connective tissue.. maintains the integrity of blood vessels and assists with phagocytosis

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what happens when infants fail to thrive?

their weight is not proportional to their height and they rank in the bottom third or below standard growth charts

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what do zinc deficiencies cause?

delay in wound healing, thickening of epithelium of tongue, decrease sensation in taste

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what are nutrtion concerns for women?

peaked linear growth

increasing body fat

may worry not thin enough

increased need for iron

time to store calcium

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what percent of toddlers are over weight and what type of deficiency is common?

10%.. vitamin D and can affect ability to learn

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what does a deficiency of cobalamine b12 involve?

pernicous anemia: bright, smooth and burning tongue

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bodies require the same nutrients our entire lives.. what varies as out physiologic needs change with aging?

quantities

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what if there is an excess of fluoride pre-eruptively?

dental fluorosis which is manifested by intrinsic staining and appears as parchment white spots in mildest form, and dark spots brown porosities in most severe form

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what are some neural tube defects?

spina bifida: embryonic failure of fusion of one or more vertebral arches

malformation of brain and skull

anencephaly: absence of bones of the cranial vault and cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres
encephalocele: gap in the skull with herniation of the brain

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this vitamin helps with the formation of collagen which includes dentin, pulp, cementum, alveolar bone, periodontal fibers, blood vessels, gingival nerves, and periodontal ligaments

vitamin C

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what does a decieincy of thiamine B1 cause?

beriberi: increase in tissue sensitivity, burning tongue, loss of taste

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what are the pre eruptive effects of calcium and phosphorus?

mineralize enamel, cementum and bone

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What is the pre eruptive effects of vitamin C?

helps with formation of bone and teeth and formation of all connective tissue

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what can occur with a pregnant mother who is severely under weight?

early delivery and low birth weight baby

this vitamin synthesizes epithelial tissues

vitamin A

this synthesizes hemoglobin

iron

too much of fluoride pre-eruptively causes?

dental fluorsis

during this stage, mineralization of primary teeth begins during the third or fourth month of pregnancy.

pre-eruptive stage

this is the time of development during which the environment has the greatest impact on the developing embryo

critical period

this repairs and maintain all tissues

protein

this is when the small intestines no longer produce lactase to break apart dairy products

lactose intolerant

what are the stages of life cycle?

pre-natal: fetal infant: birth-12 months toddler: 1-4 years child: 5-12 years teenager: 13-19 years young adult: 20-50 years older adult: 51 yrs and older

what are some healthy snack suggestions?

sliced apples, pears, peaches and grapes slivers of carrots or celery with dip bagels topped with peanut butter, smashes fruit, or cream cheese soft taco rolls filled with left over meat cheese strips or cubes yogurt small crustless sandwiches popcorn peanut butter or cheese on crackers English muffins tortillas with bean dip

what can cause unsightly dental fluorosis?

high levels of naturally occurring flouride

what do iron deficiency cause?

glossitis dysphagia atrophied lingual papilla gray mucous membranes angular cheliits

what nutrients are needed for development?

vitamin A, D, K, C, B complex protein calcium and phosphorus iron zinc

what does a deficiency of riboflavin b2 involve?

inflamed tongue, angular chelosis, greasy, red, scaky lesions around nose

what happens with a fluoride deficiency?

calcified structures are weak,porous and open for attack by acid destruction

during the post-eruptive stage this repairs all tissues and forms antibodies, a deficiency slows tissue healing and causes degeneration of periodontal connective tissue

protein

what amount of calories does a mother require?

extra 300 calories per day beginning in the fourth month until delivery ``` extra protein calcium foods rich in B complex 25% increase in fluid intake plenty of folate rich foods ```

these are needed in abundance for calcification of hard tissues and vitamin D to help with absorption

calcium and phosphorous

bike backwashes into the esophagus, irritating the lining and causing significant burning

GERD

what are the characteristics of a school aged child?

form lifelong relationship with food brain is same as adults liver is half as big as adults (requires steady blood glucose levels to concentrate, feed every four hours) good appetite snacks important

this helps with wound healing

zinc

when are the tooth development for permanent teeth?

central incisors: 3-4 mth lateral: 10-12 mth (3-4 mth mandible) canine: 4-5 mth premolars: 1.5-2.5 yr first molars: birth second molars: 2.5-3 yr

what is the cause of failure to thrive in infants?

multifactorial: medical, emotional, psychosocial and nutritional issues

when are crowns of primary teeth completely formed?

at birth

pre natal vitamins should include these for healthy tooth formation

foods rich in calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D folate rich foods (at least 400 mcg a day) if deficient there is an increased chance of having neural tube defects

what are the post eruptive effects of calcium and phosphorus?

remineralize hard tissues and maintain bone

what are the three phases of life?

fetal development, pre-eruption of permanent teeth and post-eruption of permanent teeth

what are crowns of permanent teeth completely formed?

by the age of 1

what occurs if there is a deficiency of calcium and phosphorous?

pre-eruptively: enamel hypocalcification post-eruptively: bone loss

what happens if there is a vitamin C deficiency?

pre-eruptively: irregular formation or absence of dentin post-eruptively: can cause enlarged bluish-red, hemorrhagic gingival tissues

when does the first primary tooth erupt into the oral cavity?

by 6 mths.. parents should be counseled on cleaning newly erupted teeth

this enhances the absorption of calcium and phosphourous

vitamin D

what are the pre-eruptive effects of vitamin D?

aids with calcifications of hard tissues (bone, enamel, dentin and cementum)

this is the leading cause of childhood mortality in developing countries

protein energy malnutrition

what is there an increased incidence of with obesity?

hypertension, diabetes, pre-clampsia and prolonged delivery for mother and congenital CNS malformations for the fetus

these work as co enzymes that work together to maintain healthy oral tissues

b complex vitamins

this is vital for growth and health on the life

good nutrition

what is associated with increased incidence of tooth caries?

high blood levels of lead

what does a deficiency of niacin B3 involve?

pellagra: red, swollen, tongue, and painful eating and swallowing

what if there is an excess of fluoride post-eruptively?

topical protective effects against dental caries and excess is excreted

a deficiency in folacin causes?

burning tongue, angular chelosis, gingivitis, frequent oral lesions.. cleft lips and palates

what foods are rich in folate?

dark green leafy veggies citrus fruits and juices foritified cereals broccoli asparagus legumes beans peas nuts

how long should breast milk and infant formula be provided for?

4-6 months

what are some nutrition concerns for men?

building up to peak linear growth begin to develop bone and muscle mass consume 4,000 calories just to maintain weight increased need for major nutrients desire to build muscle mass

what occurs if there is a deficiency of vitamin A pre-eruptively?

abnormal formation of enamel and dentin and contribute to the formation of cleft lip and palate and abnormal formation of salivary glands

characteristics of teenagers?

worst diets of age group diets influenced by peer pressure time of rapid physical growth hormonal changes affect every organ nutrient and energy needs are greatly accelerated consume twice as much soda as milk

what is pica a deficiency of?

iron or other minerals

what are factors are to consider and various avenues of delivery that make it difficult to control of fluoride?

community water supply, fluoridated tooth paste, fluoride content in food and beverages, amount consumed, stage of tooth development during consumption

what increases the mothers chance of developing life threatening disease for herself and the fetus?

obesity

what are the time for primary tooth development?

incisors: 4-5 mth in utero molars: 5-6 mth in utero

during the pre-eruptive stage this assists with the formation of maxilla, mandibular and periodontal.. deficiency causes crowded and rotated teeth

protein

this vitamin aids with blood clotting and a deficiency cause prolonged clotting time?

vitamin K

what are the pre-eruptive effects of vitamin A?

assists in the formation of mucous secreting cells of the salivary glans and helps with normal formation of enamel and dentin..

what are the post eruptive effects of vitamin D?

helps repair diseased bone..

this plays a critical role in the fetus developing healthy oral structures

maternal nutrition

when does primary teeth mineralization begin?

early in the 2nd trimester

what are teeth lost during pregnancy due to?

decay and pain

this has a direct relationship with dental caries in children exposed to second hand smoke?

cotinine, byproduct of nicotine

this is a time of tremendous growth

infancy

what does a long term vitamin C deficiency cause?

scurvy.. gingival tissues appear dark red to purply, spongy, and hemorrhagic, teeth are mobile, breath is feitd

during the post eruptive stage, this continues to protect against dental caries..

fluoride

during what time can fluoride be detrimental?

if too much or too little is ingested during the critical growth period of 6 months to 2.5 years when permanent teeth are developing

what type of deficiency will obese mothers frequently have?

vitamin D

what type of foods worsen GERD?

alcohol, chocolate, fatty and fried foods, citrus, garlic, onions, mint, tomatoes and spicy