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Clinical Skills > extra MSK exam > Flashcards

extra MSK exam Flashcards

1
Q

__% of patients have IDIOPATHIC back pain

A

85%

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2
Q

what is one thing you want to evaluate for when a patient has neck pain?

A

see if it radiates (radicular pain)

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3
Q

hip joint pain is deceptive because it can manifest in what four areas?

A

groin, buttock, anterior thigh, knee

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4
Q

what is important to know for an accidental injury (from an orthopedic standpoint)?

A

mechanism of injury

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5
Q

If there’s an intra-articular problem, what type of ROM is affected?

A

passive AND active

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6
Q

what is stiffness?

A

perceived tightness or resistance to movement

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7
Q

what “inflammatory” symptom is least indicative of inflammation?

A

redness

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8
Q

what are some constitutional symptoms sometimes associated with joint problems?

A

fever, chills, rash, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, weakness

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9
Q

what are some systemic conditions that can occur with joint problems?

A 
skin conditions- malar rash, scaly plaques, bull's eye, palpable purpura, hives, capillary changes, clubbing
scleritis
sore throat
oral ulcers
urethritis
pneumonitis
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10
Q

physical activity recommendations (per week)

A

at least 2.5 hrs of moderate intensity OR 1.25 hrs of vigorous activity
2 or more days/week do moderate or high intensity muscle strengthening

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11
Q

osteoporosis: __% of adults over 50

A

9%

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12
Q

___% of postmenopausal women have 1 osteo related fracture

A

50%

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13
Q

screening guidelines for osteoporosis

A

women 65 yrs or older or younger people whose 10 yr fracture risk is equal or greater than a 65 yr old

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14
Q

osteoporosis vs osteopenia T score

A

osteopenia: -1 to -2.5
osteoporosis: greater than -2.5

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15
Q

what supplementation is given to prevent fractures from osteoporosis?

A

ca and vitamin D

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16
Q

prevention of falls guidelines

A

exercise/PT and/or vitamin D supplementation for at risk adults over 65 yrs old

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17
Q

risk factors for falls

A 
increasing age
impaired gait and balance
postural hypotension
loss of strength
medication use
comorbid illness
depression
cognitive impairment
visual deficits
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18
Q

what makes up the condylar synovial joint?

A

articular disc between zygomatic arch and mandibular condyle

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19
Q

what makes up the shoulder girdle?

A

3 joints- AC, SC, glenohumoral
3 large bones- scapula, clavicle, humerus
3 principal muscle groups- SITS, axioscapular, axiohumeral

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20
Q

what are the SITS muscles?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

21
Q

what is the “shoulder’s” anchor to axial skeleton?

A

scapula at sternoclavicular joint (also called scapulothoracic articulation)

22
Q

supraspinatus- runs _____ glenohumoral joint, attaches where?

A

above, greater tubercle

23
Q

infraspinatus/teres minor- crosses glenohumoral joint ________, attaches where?

A

posteriorly, greater tubercle

24
Q

subscapularis- originates on ________ surface of scapula and crosses joint _________; attaches where?

A

anterior, anteriorly; LESSER tubercle

25
Q

crossover test detects?

A

arthritis or problem with AC joint

26
Q

neer’s impingement test detects?

A

subacromial impingement or RC tendinitis

27
Q

hawkin’s impingement test detects?

A

supraspinatus impingement or RC tendinitis

28
Q

empty can test detects what?

A

supraspinatus rotator cuff tear

29
Q

drop arm test detects?

A

supraspinatus tear or bicipital tendinitis

30
Q

radial nerve is located where at elbow?

A

anterior lateral aspect

31
Q

median nerve hand distribution

A

palm side- thumb, index, middle, half ring finger

other side- end of index, middle and ring fingers to DIP

32
Q

radial nerve hand distribution

A

top of hand- thumb, up to DIP of index, and half of middle (up to DIP joint)

33
Q

ulnar nerve hand distribution

A

palm side- pinky and half of ring finger

top of hand- pinky, half of ring finger, up to DIP of middle

34
Q

what movements does the intervertebral discs allow for?

A

allow column to curve, flex and bend

35
Q

line between posterior iliac crests is at what level of the spinal cord?

A

L4

36
Q

how do you palpate sciatic nerve?

A

hip flexed and patient lying on opposite side (midway between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity)

37
Q

line between PSIS lies at what spinal cord level?

A

S2

38
Q

what is 60% of walking cycle?

A

when foot is on the ground and bears weight

39
Q

how far should feet be when walking?

A

2-4 inches

40
Q

NV in the hip?

A

NAVEL (lateral to medial)

41
Q

patella slides in what groove?

A

trochlear groove

42
Q

what is bulge sign?

A

minor effusion
knee extended, milk fluid downward
force medial fluid laterally

43
Q

what is balloon sign?

A

major effusion
thumb and index finger of right hand on each side of patella
left hand compresses suprapatellar pouch
palpate for fluid under thumb and finger

44
Q

what is balloting patella?

A

large effusion
compress suprapatellar pouch and push patella against femur
watch for fluid returning to that pouch

45
Q

what is McMurray’s test used for? how to do it

A

lateral and medial meniscus
left foot- left hand on knee and right on ankle; externally rotate lower leg and push on knee from lateral side (VALGUS- medial joint stress)
VARUS- internally rotate foot and apply medial pressure (laterally stress joint)

46
Q

what is valgus vs varus stress used for? how to do it

A

MCL/LCL
valgus- medial stress (pushing knee medially and pulling ankle laterally)
varus- lateral stress (push knee laterally and pulling ankle medially)

47
Q

what is Lachman’s used for? how to do it

A

ACL
knee flexed and externally rotated
pull tibia forward and femur back

48
Q

what is the longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

imaginary line spanning foot from calcaneus along tarsals to forefoot

49
Q

what does Morton’s neuroma affect?

A

3rd and 4th plantar metatarsal heads

Clinical Skills (15 decks)

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