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Clinical Skills > ANS Part 1 > Flashcards

ANS Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the difference between the somatic vs autonomic nervous system?

A

Somatic: conscious, voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles
Autonomic: involuntary motor control of primarily visceral organs

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2
Q

Describe where the preganglionic neurons originate in the sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system AND their lengths

A

sympathetic: thoracolumbar spinal cord (T1-L3)/ SHORT
Parasympathetic: brain stem & sacral spinal cord (S2-S4)/LONG

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3
Q

What neurotransmitter does the sympathetic NS release from preganglionic neurons and what receptor is this NT activating?

A

ACh and nicotinic 2

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4
Q

What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic NS release from preganglionic neurons and what receptor is this NT activating?

A

ACh and nicotinic 2

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5
Q

What NT does adrenergic neurons release?

A

Norepinephrine

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6
Q

What NT does cholinergic neurons release?

A

ACh

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7
Q

What NTs activate adrenoreceptors?

A

Norepinephrine AND epinephrine

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8
Q

What NT activates cholinoreceptors?

A

ACh

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9
Q

How does epinephrine get into circulation?

A

Adrenal medulla secretes it

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10
Q

What is the junction between the post-ganglionic neuron and effectors (target tissues) called?

A

Neuroeffector junction

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11
Q

What is the length of the sympathetic VS parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons?

A

Sympathetic: LONG
Parasympathetic: SHORT

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12
Q

Where does the cell body of each preganglionic neuron reside?

A

CNS

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13
Q

Where do axons of pre-ganglionic neurons synapse on?

A

cell bodies of post-ganglionic neurons in an autonomic ganglia OUTSIDE CNS

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14
Q

Where is the sympathetic autonomic ganglia located?

A

Paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain) and prevertebral ganglia

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15
Q

Where is the parasympathetic autonomic ganglia located?

A

in or near effector organs

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16
Q

What are the two main types of effector organs the sympathetic NS has impact on?

A

1) . Smooth muscle/glands

2) . Thermoregulatory Sweat glands

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17
Q

What is the main type of effector organ the parasympathetic NS has impact on?

A

Smooth muscle/glands

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18
Q

What NT does the parasympathetic postganglionic neuron release? What type of receptor does this activate?

A

ACh

Muscarinic (cholinergic influence)

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19
Q

What NT does the sympathetic postganglionic neuron release on smooth muscle/glands?

A

Norepinephrine

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20
Q

What NT does the sympathetic postganglionic neuron release on sweat glands? What receptor does this activate?

A

ACh

Muscarinic (cholinergic influence)

21
Q

What are the four types of receptors on sympathetic smooth muscles/glands activated by norepinephrine or epinephrine?

A

Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2

22
Q

What is the receptor type on somatic skeletal muscle end plate?

A

N1- nicotinic receptor

23
Q

What action does the sympathetic NS have on the Heart (SA node, HR/AV nodal conduction/Contractility)

A

Increases all

B1 receptor

24
Q

What action does the parasympathetic NS have on the Heart (SA node, HR/AV nodal conduction/Contractility)

A

Decreases all

Muscarinic receptor

25
Q

What is the action on the bronchioles for sympathetic VS parasympathetic innervation?

A

sympathetic- dilates (B2 receptor)

parasympathetic- constricts (muscarinic receptor)

26
Q

What are the actions on GI tract smooth muscle walls vs smooth muscle sphincters by sympathetic innervation?

A

walls- relaxation (a2, b2 receptors)

sphincters- contraction (a1 receptors)

27
Q

What are the actions on GI tract smooth muscle walls vs smooth muscle sphincters by parasympathetic innervation?

A

walls- contraction
sphincters- relaxation
**Both muscarinic receptors

28
Q

What are the actions on bladder detrusor muscle (wall) vs sphincter by sympathetic innervation?

A

BLADDER FILLING
wall- relaxes (b2 receptor)
sphincter- contracts (a1 receptor)

29
Q

What are the actions on bladder detrusor muscle (wall) vs sphincter by parasympathetic innervation?

A

BLADDER EMPTYING
wall- contraction
sphincter- relaxation
**both muscarinic receptors

30
Q

What are the male genitalia actions when innervated by sympathetic vs parasympathetic NS?

A

Sympathetic: ejaculation (a receptors)
parasympathetic: erection (m receptor)

31
Q

What are the actions on the iris radial muscle vs ciliary eye muscle by sympathetic innervation?

A

radial muscle- dilates pupil (a1 receptor)

ciliary muscle- dilates for far vision (b receptor)

32
Q

What are the actions on the iris circular sphincter muscle vs ciliary eye muscle by parasympathetic innervation?

A

Circular sphincter- constricts pupil
ciliary- contracts for near vision
**Muscarinic receptor

33
Q

During bladder filling, what is the action of the external sphincter and what NS controls its?

A

External sphincter is control by somatic NS

contracted (voluntary)

34
Q

During bladder emptying, what is the action of the external sphincter and what NS controls its?

A

Controlled by somatic NS

relaxed (voluntary)

35
Q

What is the action on thermoregulatory sweat glands in skin by sympathetic innervation?

A

increase in action (MUSCARINIC receptor)

36
Q

What is the action on thermoregulatory sweat glands in skin by parasympathetic innervation?

A

Non existent; only sympathetic has innervation

37
Q

What are the four target tissues for A1 receptors?

A

GI sphincters
Bladder internal sphincter
Radial muscle, iris
Vascular smooth muscle, skin, renal, splanchnic

38
Q

What is the target tissue for A2 receptors?

A

GI tract wall

39
Q

What is the main target tissue for B1 receptors?

A

HEART

also salivary glands, adipose tissue, kidney

40
Q

What are the three main target tissue for B2 receptors?

A

GI tract wall
Bladder wall
BRONCHIOLES

41
Q

Where are the three locations for nicotinic receptors?

A

1) . Skeletal muscle, motor end plate (N1)
2) . Post ganglionic neuron cell bodies PNS & SNS (N2)
3) . Adrenal medulla (N2)

42
Q

Where are the two main locations for muscarinic receptors?

A

1) . All effector organs in PNS

2) . Sweat glands in SNS

43
Q

What is the important NT and receptor type when we think of treating severe hypotension/shock?

A

Norepinephrine

A1 agonist

44
Q

What condition do we think about in regards to epinephrine and B2 receptor?

A

Hypotension

45
Q

If a patient has asthma but needs to control high BP, what beta blocker should be used?

A

B1 blocker ONLY (metoprolol)

**B2 blockers would constrict bronchioles

46
Q

If a patient has a migraine and high BP, what beta blocker should be used?

A

Propranolol
Because non selective BBs can cross the blood brain barrier into CNS
**also make sure pt doesn’t have asthma

47
Q

What action does the parasympathetic NS have on saliva secretion?

A

Increase by muscarinic receptor

48
Q

Explain what NTs the adrenal medulla has influence on: talk about preganglionic neuron and what is released into circulation

A 
Preganglionic neuron (located in thoracic spinal cord) is releasing ACh on Nicotinic 2 receptor on adrenal medulla chromaffin cells
chromaffin cells then secrete epinephrine (80%) & norepinephrine (20%) into general circulation
49
Q

What are the side effects of using scopolamine for motion sickness? Explain process & why side effects occur

A
  • Medication blocks muscarinic receptors in target tissues
  • Usually muscarinic receptor activation increases saliva, constricts pupils, decreases HR, and contracts bladder wall to pee
  • Therefore, blocking this receptor gives symptoms of dry mouth, dilates pupils, increases HR, and slow voiding of urine

Clinical Skills (15 decks)

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