extra

Question 1

how is elongation achieved

Answer 1

charged tRNA molecules entering A site
aa-tRNA entry mediated by EF-Tu (elongation factor Tu)
Prokaryotic protein synthesis
Reading mRNA taking tRNA and trapping in place
50S has catalytic factors
tRNA in A site with peptide bond attached to it causes a change in conformation
tRNA moved to P site
After peptide bond formed, ribosome changes conformation to allow movement of tRNAs
- requires GTP and amp; EF-G (elongation factor G)
Translocation moves tRNA to P site; uncharged tRNA leaves via E (exit) site

Question 2

what are LD50 values between different groups of the same species

Answer 2

may vary
as biology is different
all had lung damage
hamster was only one that didn’t have liver damage, what does this indicate
can accumulate this compound in the liver and detoxify it so it survives

Question 3

Vibriofischeri sea water - osmotic pressure and growth

Answer 3

normally lives in sea water, optimum growth at high salt concentration

Question 4

Halobacterium salanrium - osmotic pressure and growth

Answer 4

saline lakes extreme halophile, need high salt concentration

Question 5

what is an example of absence of a target site causing antibiotic resistance

Answer 5

Mycobacteria are resistant to all β-lactams as they use different enzymes to synthesise the cell wall

Question 6

what is an example of Variants/point mutations in target sites that prevents the antibiotic binding

Answer 6

mutations in ribosomal subunit RpsL prevents Streptomycin binding

Question 7

what is an example of enzymes to detoxify antibiotics

Answer 7

beta lactamases attack the lactam ring and inactivate the β-lactam antibiotics

Question 8

what is an example of efflux pumps to remove antibiotics

Answer 8

fluroquinoline