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Anatomy > Extra > Flashcards

Extra Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fatty tags on the colon called?

A

Appendices epiploicae

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2
Q

What separates caecum and the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Retrocaecal fossa

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3
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery run in relation to the duodenum?

A

It descends over the third part of it

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4
Q

In the rectal junction, how many folds are there and what sides are they usually on?

A

2 on left 1 on right

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5
Q

Which arteries of the foregut do not have equivalent veins?

A

Coeliac and gastroduodenal

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6
Q

Which side of the SMA is the SMV?

A

The right

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7
Q

Where does the SMV become the portal vein?

A

Entry of the splenic vein

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8
Q

What side of the IMA is the IMV?

A

Left

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9
Q

Where is the portal vein formed in relation to the pancreas?

A

Behind the pancreas neck

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10
Q

Where do the oesophageal veins drain?

A

Azygous (in thorax) and inferior thyroid (in neck) veins

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11
Q

What might portal hypertension lead to?

A

Venous dilation, oesophageal varices, rectal haemmorrhoids

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12
Q

Do GI lymph nodes pass in front, behind or laterally to the aorta?

A

In front

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13
Q

What are the three main groups of lymph nodes in the GI tract?

A

coeliac, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric

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14
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum?

A

Superior is IM but lower is internal iliac lymph nodes

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15
Q

What type of lymph nodes are the coeliac, inferior mesenteric and superior mesenteric?

A

Pre aortic

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16
Q

Where do the coeliac, inferior mesenteric and superior mesenteric lymph nodes drain?

A

Into each other from below upwards, then into cisterna chyli

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17
Q

Where do the contents of cisterna chyli go?

A

Thoracic duct which runs upwards and empties into the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins (via the aortic hiatus T12)

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18
Q

What is another name for the myenteric plexus?

A

Intrinsic plexus

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19
Q

How many vagus nerves are there?

A

2

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20
Q

When does pain become localised?

A

When it involves the parietal peritoneum

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21
Q

How many hepatic veins are there usually?

A

3

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22
Q

Where does the common bile duct run after it leaves the lesser omentum?

A

Posteriorly to the superior part of the duodenum

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23
Q

At what part of the duodenum does the major duodenal papilla enter?

A

Second

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24
Q

What drains into the duodenum about 2cm proximal to the major duodenal papilla?

A

Accessory pancreatic duct

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25
Q

What might cancer of the head of the pancreas do?

A

Obstruct portal triad- jaundice

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26
Q

What ribs is the spleen related to?

A

9-11

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27
Q

How many branches does the splenic artery divide into before it enters the spleen?

A

4/5

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28
Q

In which region of the kidney are the renal corpuscles found?

A

Cortex

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29
Q

What is the blood supply to the supra-renal glands?

A

Superior supra renal artery from phrenic, middle from aorta and inferior from renal

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30
Q

What is the path of the ureters?

A

Runs down onto psoas muscle, leaves here at bifurcatio of common iliac, passes into pelvis where it turns anteriorly and medially to enter the bladder

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31
Q

What structure crosses the ureter just before it enters the bladder?

A

Gonadal artery

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32
Q

What is the blood supply to the ureters?

A

Top- renal artery
Middle- branch of aorta
Bottom- branch of internal iliac

33
Q

Where does the iliohypogastric nerve originate? What does it supply?

A

L1, sensory to skin over lateral gluteal and suprapubis. Motor to transverse abdominis and internal oblique.

34
Q

Where does ilioinguinal nerve originate? what does it supply?

A

L1, pierces inguinal canal and passes through superficial ring only. Supplies root of penis and anterior scrotum/ mons pubis and labia majora.

35
Q

Where does the femoral nere run in relation to the inguinal ligament?

A

Under it next to external iliac artery

36
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Upper anterior thigh

37
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve originate?

A

L1-L2

38
Q

What does the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve supply?

A

Scrotal skin/ mons pubis and labia majora

39
Q

What does quadratus lumborum do?

A

Vertebral column movement
Stabilises rib 12 on forced expiration
Ilium bone

40
Q

What does iliacus do?

A

Moves femur

Lifts trunk from supine position (sit ups)

41
Q

What does psoas major do?

A

Hip flexion and trunk movement

42
Q

What does psoas minor do?

A

Weak vertebral flexion

43
Q

Where is the retropubic space?

A

Posterior to the pubis, covered by the peritoneum.

44
Q

Why do the ureters pierce the bladder wall obliquey?

A

Provides a valve like action to prevent back flow

45
Q

What does a normal prostate have that is palpable and may be obliterated in patients with prostatic enlargement?

A

Posterior midline sulcus

46
Q

By what route does prostatic cancer sometimes spread to the vertebral column?

A

Via vertebral venous plexus

47
Q

What is the course of the vas deferens in relation to the ureter and bladder?

A

Runs anterior to the ureter and posterior to the bladder

48
Q

What are the external and internal os?

A

Openings of the cervix from the uterus and into the vagina

49
Q

What are vaginal fornixes?

A

Gutter like structure around the ectocervix

50
Q

What is the relationship between the uterine artery and the ureter?

A

‘water under the bridge’- ureter runs under the uterine artery

51
Q

Where does fertilisation usually occur?

A

Ampulla of the uterine tube

52
Q

Which nerve lies adjacent to the ovary on the lateral wall of the pelvis?

A

Obturator nerve

53
Q

What are the mesenteries of the uterine tube, ovary and uterus?

A

Uterine tube- mesoalpinx
Ovary- mesovarium
Uterus- mesometrium

54
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterus?

A

Top- superficial inguinal
Middle- deep inguinal
Lower middle and anterior half of endo cervical canal- external iliac
Bottom and posterior half endocervical canal- internal iliac

55
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina?

A

Internal iliac

56
Q

What are the boundaries of the rectum?

A

Hollow of the sacrum (S3) to the anorectal junction at the pelvic floor.

57
Q

where does the external iliac artery pass in relation to the inguinal ligament?

A

Deep to it

58
Q

What is the blood supply of the prostate and seminal vesicles?

A

Inferior vesical arteries

59
Q

Where does lymph from most of the pelvic viscera drain? Where do these nodes drain?

A

Internal iliac –> common iliac –> lumbar

60
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the gonads?

A

Lumbar plexus

61
Q

What is the origin of the sacral plexus?

A

L4 and 5, S1-4

62
Q

Where do the sciatic and pudendal nerves originate?

A

The sacral plexus

63
Q

What is the parasympathetic outflow of the sacral plexus?

A

Pelvic splanchinic nerves (S2,3,4)

64
Q

What role do the pelvic splanchinic nerves play in micturation?

A

Inhibited which relaxes the detrusor muscle and IUS

65
Q

What is the sympathetic supply to the pelvic viscera?

A

Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic (from sympathetic chain to pelvis via superior hypogastric plexus then running with the arteries, joining the autonomic segment (pelvic splanchnic) in the inferior hypogastric plexus)

66
Q

Where does piriformis arise?

A

Anterior aspect of sacrum

67
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior scrotum?

A

External pudendal from the femoral

68
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anal canal?

A

Upper 2/3 internal iliac

Lower 1/3 external iliac

69
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anal canal?

A

Upper 2/3 hypogastric plexus (sensitive only to stretch) IAS is pelvic splanchnic
Lower 1/3 Somatic inferior rectal nerve (S4) (sensitive to pain, temperature, touch, pressure)

70
Q

Where does the pudendal canal run?

A

The inferior of the lateral wall of the ischioanal fossa

71
Q

What is the nerve supply to the external urethral sphincter?

A

Deep branch of the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve

72
Q

What surrounds corpora cavernosa?

A

Ischiocavernosa

73
Q

What surrounds the bulb of the penis (corpus spongiosum)/clitoris?

A

bulbospongiosus

74
Q

What is the function of bulbospongiosus muscle?

A

Erection, ejaculation, last bit of micturation

75
Q

What is the function of ischiocavernosus muscle?

A

Stabilises erect penis, contracts vagina

76
Q

Which veins drain the penis?

A

Superficial and deep dorsal veins

77
Q

Which arteries contract to maintain erection?

A

Ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus

78
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the pelvic viscera?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves S2, 3, 4

Anatomy (7 decks)

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