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Anatomy > Abdominal wall > Flashcards

Abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

In what direction does the external oblique muscle run?

A

Downwards and into the middle, like hands in pockets

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2
Q

In what direction do the internal oblique muscles run?

A

Like roof of house

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3
Q

In what direction do transverse abdominus run?

A

Like a belt except inferior but which runs parallel to IO

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4
Q

What are the functions of the anterior abdominal wall muscles?

A

Movement
Protection
Stability of trunk

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5
Q

What is the nerve supply to the skin and muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Intercostal muscles (thoracoabdomimal) between internal oblique and TA

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6
Q

Which dermatome lies at the level of the xiphisternum?

A

T6

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7
Q

Which dermatome lies at the level of the umbilicus?

A

T10

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8
Q

Which dermatome lies at the level of the pubic tubercle?

A

L1

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9
Q

What is the name of the superior membranous fascia of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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10
Q

What is the name of the superficial fascia of the peritoneum?

A

Colles’ fascia

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11
Q

Colles’ fascia forms the boundaries of which perineal space?

A

Urogenital region

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12
Q

What is the name of the aponeuroses of EO, IO and TA?

A

Rectus sheath

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13
Q

The inguinal ligament runs from where to where?

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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14
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Enteral oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominus
Rectors abdominus

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15
Q

Above the umbilicus, where do the anterior abdominal wall muscles run in relation to rectus abdominis?

A

TA posterior, IO splits, EO anterior

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16
Q

Below the umbilicus, where do the anterior abdominal wall muscles run in relation to rectus abdominis?

A

All anterior

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17
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

The inguinal ligament, formed from the free edge of the external oblique muscles

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18
Q

At the pubic tubercle some fibres of the inguinal ligament reflect laterally. What do they form?

A

The lacunar ligament.

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19
Q

What is the name of the thickenings on the medial and lateral aspects of the superifical inguinal ring? What is their function?

A

The lateral and medial crura, to reinforce the ring.

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20
Q

The superficial inguinal ring is a defect in what?

A

External oblique aponeuroses.

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21
Q

From where to where does the inguinal canal run?

A

Deep inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring.

22
Q

What passes through the inguinal canal in a male? Where does this end up?

A

The spermatic cord. To the testes and scrotum

23
Q

What passes through the inguinal canal in a female? Where does this end up?

A

The round ligament of the uterus. To the labia majora

24
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

External oblique, some internal oblique and TA in lateral third (originates from inguinal ligament)

25
Q

What happens to the internal oblique muscle that arises from the inguinal ligament?

A

Most forms rectus sheath, some curves over the inguinal ligament to form the roof and anterior wall.

26
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Internal oblique and transverse abdominus (runs over and behind the inguinal canal to the pubic tubercle.)

27
Q

Which muscle fibres pass from the inguinal ligament to the pubic tubercle?

A

Internal oblique and TA

28
Q

Which two muscles fuse behind the superficial inguinal ring to form the conjoint tendon?

A

IO and TA

29
Q

What do IO and TA fuse to form directly posterior to the superficial inguinal ring?

A

The conjoint tendon

30
Q

What forms the posterior wall throughout the whole length of the inguinal canal, and is the most posterior layer?

A

Transversalis fascia

31
Q

What does transversalis fascia form in the inguinal canal?

A

Posterior wall of inguinal canal

32
Q

Where is the linea alba? What is it formed form?

A

In the midline of the abdomen running from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis. Formed form the fusion of the aponeuroses of the abdominal wall muscles

33
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

The lower limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath

34
Q

What is the linea semilunaris?

A

The line on the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscles, runs down the mid clavicular line.

35
Q

What are the attachments of rectus abdominis?

A

Pubic symphysis, crest and tubercle to the xiphoid process and the costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

36
Q

Order the following from deep to superficial: transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum, transverse abdominus.

A

Parietal peritoneum, transversalis fascia, transverse abdominus

37
Q

Which vessels run in the rectus sheath, deep to rectus abdominis muscle?

A

Inferior epigastric

38
Q

Why is the inguinal canal clinically relevant?

A

Forms a weak point in the abdominal wall where herniation may occur.

39
Q

As the testes descend, what do they trail?

A

Ductus deferens and the testicular artery and vein.

40
Q

As the testes descend they acquire a succession of coverings derived from layers of the abdominal wall, forming the spermatic cord. What layer is derived from external oblique muscle?

A

External spermatic fascia

41
Q

As the testes descend they acquire a succession of coverings derived from layers of the abdominal wall, forming the spermatic cord. From where is the cremasteric fascia/muscle derived?

A

Internal oblique

42
Q

As the testes descend they acquire a succession of coverings derived from layers of the abdominal wall, forming the spermatic cord. From which layer is the internal spermatic fascia derived?

A

Transversalis fascia.

43
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

A serous membrane covering the testis, derived from the processus vaginalis of the peritoneum (in embryos this precedes the descent of the testis.) Visceral and parietal layers like pleura. Inner layer of the spermatic cord.

44
Q

What is the cremasteric reflex?

A

In males, lightly stroking the superior medial thigh stimulates the genitofemoral nerve to contract the cremaster muscle and pull up the ipsilateral testis.

45
Q

What 10 things are contained in the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Ductus deferens
  2. Testicular artery
  3. Cremasteric artery
  4. Deferential artery
  5. Testicular vein (pampiniform venous plexus)
  6. Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
  7. Testicular nerves (sympathetic)
    (8. Ilioinguinal nerve runs along outside)
  8. Lymphatic vessels
  9. Tunica vaginalis
46
Q

What is the approximate length of the inguinal canal?

A

4cm

47
Q

What is an indirect hernia?

A

Protrusion of organs through deep inguinal ring, along canal, through abdominal wall.

48
Q

What is a direct hernia?

A

Protrusion of organs directly through the weakness in the posterior wall of the canal.

49
Q

What does it mean if a hernia is reducible?

A

You can push it back in.

50
Q

What is the name of the superficial fatty fascia layer in the superior abdominal wall

A

Camper’s fascia

51
Q

Where does darto’s fascia lie?

A

Scrotum and shaft of penis. Continuous with Colle’s

Anatomy (7 decks)

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