Extinction Flashcards
Extinction as a procedure?
Classic conditoining: CS - US learning first, after that CS - No us
Operant: na S (RO), S (R/)
Experience of no reinforcement after presenting CS
Extinction as effect:
CR - or R decreases
Is an adaptive process!
Traditional: unlearning R-W model
Opposite of acquisition
> but this is wrong
Is actually learning new relationship
Spontaneous recovery
Passage of time in itself can create the return of extinct response.
Often partial return of CS - not as frequent as before
Extinction suppresses conditioned behavior - it does not erase it
= classical conditioning + operant conditioning
Renewal
Return of CS after leaving the context of extinction
Contextual cues that were there during extinction are changed.
> ABA = renewal
A shift in context only disrupts extinction process, it does not disrupt acquisition processes.
Bouton - hypothesis renewal
The relationship between CS-US
and when response should occur will be mediated through the context.
> it is a context controlled INHIBITORY CS-US association
The extinct CS becomes ambiguous. It can ether signal that the US comes or does not come.
Context will resolve this ambiguity
Reinstatement
Return of CR > because of exposure of US alone
But! : has to happen in the same context as US was exposed
Sometimes > reinstatement because of another US similar to the original US
what is
Sensitivity to post-extinction US/ devaluation
Starting point: test in which the post conditioning - US devaluation effect is visible ( “S-S”)
Question: if extinction does not erase the CS-US relationship - > US devaluation should also work after extinction!!!
PROBLEM: after extinction you do not have any more observable behavior
“Tric”: increase CS↑ through association CS with a different US!
what is the result of post extinction devaluation?
CR level in general lower in group Extinction than control
However… since the CS-US relationship is still intact…
In both groups same strength of US devaluation!
(Dev < NotDev)
what are Increasing Pavlovian extinction performance methods:
- Increase the amount of extinction trials(?)
2 . longer ITI’s during extinction
> reduces spontaneous recovery and renewal
- Extinction in multiple contexts
> reduces “renewal”
> “uitzondering-op-de-regel” wordt “nieuwe regel”
- “Reminder cues” for extinction-performance
explicit extra cue during extinction and test
> reduces “renewal” and spontaneous recovery “
what is prime extinction?
through presenting CS before the extinction happens. Long term memory facilitation.
Not only consolidation consolidatie (originally learned) also reconsolidation retrieving informatione
reconsolidation: storing new information
CS first after that extinction
Less spontaneous recovery, renewal, reïnstatement
What is learned during extinction? - role of inhibitory S-R association
Rescorla:
Frustration of absence positive expected outcome > creates
Inhibitory association between present stimuli and conditioned behavior CR ( inhibitory S-R) that will suppress the conditioned behavior = extinction
Paradoxical effects of reinforcement
If expectation of US is higher, then during extinction phase bigger frustration and quicker extinction!
Over training and extinction:
After asymptote of training is reached still additional trial are executed.
Responding declines more rapidly - extinction - when overtraining has happenend!
Strong US effect and extinction
Extinction > responding declines faster if expected reward was bigger
Partial v.s. Continuous US and extinction
Extinction > happens faster with continuous reinforcement than partial (intermittent) reinforcement
