External morphology of brain and spinal cord Flashcards
What are the five subarachnoid cisterns?
quadrigeminal cistern interpeduncular cistern pontine cistern cisterna magna Lumbar cistern (where you do an LP)
What are the four dural folds/reflections?
Falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
diaphragma sellae
What are the functions associated with each of the 6 lobes?
Frontal - motor behavior, cognition and affect
parietal - sensory, equilibrium
temporal - audition, memory, olfaction/smell
occipital - vision
insular - taste
limbic - emotions, motivation
What is the function or transverse/Heschl’s gyri? Where are they located?
Transverse/Heschl’s gyri function as the primary auditory cortex. The are located in between the temporal lobe and the insular lobe
damage to the fusiform gyrus causes what psychiatric disorder? Where is the fusiform gyrus?
prosopagnosia - “face blindness.” Inability to recognize faces
Located just lateral to the parahippocampus gyrus on the ventral surface of the brain
What is the function of the calcarine fissure?
splits the primary visual cortex into superior and inferior portions
What are the parts of the limbic lobe?
cingulate gyrus, parahippocampus gyrus, uncus, isthmus, subcallosal cortex/paraterminal gyrus
what is the function of the diencephalon? What are the parts of the diencephalon?
a gateway between the cerebrum and the brain stem
thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus (includes the pineal gland)
What are the parts of the hypothalamus?
Mamillary body, tuber cinerum
What is the pathway of descending motor fibers from the cerebral cortex?
Cerebral cortex grey matter -> cerebral cortex white matter (corona radiata) -> internal capsule -> cerebral peduncles -> under the crossing fibers of the pons -> pyramid of the medulla
On which surface of the midbrain is the quadrigeminal plate? What are the bumps in the quadrigeminal plate? What is the function of the bumps?
Located on dorsal surface of midbrain
2 Superior colliculi - vision and eye movements
2 inferior colliculi - audition
What connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brainstem?
3 cerebellar peduncles (superior, middle and inferior) that come from the crossing fibers of the pons
What is the pyramidal decussation?
dividing line between the medulla/brainstem and the spinal cord.
Site of cross-over of descending motor fibers
Where do the sensory fiber enter the spinal cord? Where do the motor fibers enter the spinal cord?
sensory - dorsal lateral fissures
motor - ventral lateral sulcus
What two structures does the fornix connect?
The fornix is a fiber bundle that connects the hippocampal formation and the mammillary bodies
