External Genitalia

Question 1

Epididymis Functions

Answer 1

Sperm maturation
Sperm storage
Sperm disposal
Absorption of fluid
Secretion of components that modify sperm

Question 2

Cryptorchidism

Answer 2

Congenital malposition resulting in retention of the testes anywhere along route of descent

Question 3

Varicocele

Answer 3

Insufficient or congenital absence of valves with spermatic vein
Causes blood reflux within pampiniform plexus

Question 4

Congenital Hydrocele

Answer 4

Processes vaginalis remains open to peritoneal cavity
Resolved during first year of life
Scrotum fills with strain or trying to sit up

Question 5

Acquired Hydrocele

Answer 5

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in sac of tunica vaginalis
Glans of penis may or may not be covered

Question 6

Circumcision

Answer 6

Removal of a portion of foreskin and is performed for both hygiene and religious regions

Question 7

Phimosis

Answer 7

Tight foreskin

May lead to smegma

Question 8

What covers base of the bulb of the penis and two crura?

Answer 8

Bulbospongiosus

Ischiocavernosus

Question 9

Innervation of Penis

Answer 9

Afferent sensation carried in dorsal nerve of pudendal nerve (S2-4)
Parasympathetic travel with pelvic splanchnic nerves to deep arteries of penis (inc blood flow)
Sympathetic from L1-2 travel within sacral splanchnic nerves (dec blood flow)
Motor from deep branch of perineal

Question 10

Erection

Answer 10

Requires parasympathetic stimulation

Both bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus contract limiting venous blood flow out of erectile tissue

Question 11

Emission

Answer 11

Delivery of sperm from vas deferens into prostatic urethra

Requires sympathetic innervation to smooth muscle in walls of vas deferens/prostate/seminal vesicle

Question 12

Ejaculation

Answer 12

Forceful removal of semen from urethra
Internal urethral sphincter must close while external urethral sphincter must be open
Bulbospongiosus contracts forcing from bulb

Question 13

Detumescence

Answer 13

Loss of erection

Lead to refractory period which men can’t have 2nd orgasm

Question 14

Vulva

Answer 14

External genitalia

Question 15

Mons pubic

Answer 15

Anterior to pubic symphysis

Question 16

Labia majora

Answer 16

Contains round ligament of uterus

Question 17

Anterior labial commissure

Answer 17

Superior to prepuce of clitoris

Question 18

Prepuce

Answer 18

Covers clitoris

Question 19

Posterior labial commissure

Answer 19

Posterior to vestibule

Partially on top of perineal body

Question 20

Labia minora

Answer 20

Surrounds vestibule of vagina

Question 21

Frenulum

Answer 21

Anterior commissure of labial minora

Question 22

Bulbospongiosus

Answer 22

Attaches from perineal body and membrane, runs on top of each vestibular bulb

Question 23

Ischiocavernosus

Answer 23

Attaches from ischiopubic ramus and perineal membrane and partially covers each crus of clitoris

Question 24

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Answer 24

Attaches from ischial ramus to perineal body

Question 25

Contraction of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus

Answer 25

Forces blood into clitoris glans and body

Question 26

CNS and Parasympathetic

Answer 26

Are thought to mainly control desire and arousal phase

Question 27

Sexual arousal includes

Answer 27

Increased muscle tension
Increased HR
Increased perineal surface temperature
Greater vestibular gland secretion

Question 28

Orgasm

Answer 28

Associated with muscle contraction and sympathetic discharge

Hold breath to increase intensity

Question 29

Prostate Adenocarcinoma

Answer 29

Second most fréquent cause of death for males

Rectal exam is one means of detection (>45)

Question 30

Prostate-specific antigen

Answer 30

Marker for monitoring potential metastases