Abdominal Cavity

Question 1

Peritoneum

Answer 1

Serous membrane lining abdominopelvic cavity wrapping around viscera

Question 2

Peritoneum Layers

Answer 2

Parietal

Visceral

Question 3

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 3

Lines internal surface of abdominopelvic cavity
Pain is well localized
Served by vessels and nerves in region it lines

Question 4

Visceral Peritoneum

Answer 4

Invests viscera in abdominopelvic cavity
Pain felt as referred pain
Served by vessels and nerves of organ it covers

Question 5

Intraperitoneal

Answer 5

Organs completely covered by peritoneum

Question 6

Retroperitoneal

Answer 6

Organs partially covered by peritoneum

Question 7

Mesentary

Answer 7

2 layers of peritoneum adhered together connects intraperitoneal organs to abdominal wall

Question 8

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 8

Potential space with some interstitial fluid
Does not contain any abdominopelvic organs
Sealed in males but not in females

Question 9

Order of digestive tract (Mouth to end of small intestine)

Answer 9

Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus (T11)
Stomach
Pylorus
Duodenum (L1/2)
Small intestine/Ileum/jejunum

Question 10

Order of digestive tract (Start of large intestine to anal canal)

Answer 10

Cecum & appendix
Ascending colon
R. colic/hepatic flexure
Transverse colon
L. colic/splenic flexure
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum (S3)
Anal canal

Question 11

Associated organs of digestive tract

Answer 11

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Question 12

Greater Omentum Functions

Answer 12

Prevents visceral/parietal peritoneum from sticking to each other
Cushions abdominal organs
Insulation
Moves to inflamed organs for protection

Question 13

Can the greater omentum herniate?

Answer 13

Yes, inguinal hernia

Question 14

Omental bursae

Answer 14

Fluid accumulation due to perforation of stomach
Can strangulate if in small intestine
May compress portal triad stopping blood flow to liver

Question 15

Peritonitis

Answer 15

Infection/inflammation of peritoneum

Caused by traumatic penetration or rupture of organs

Question 16

Ascites

Answer 16

Excess fluid accumulation causing distension
Caused by internal bleeding or portal hypertension
Could affect respiration and bowel movements

Question 17

How to treat Ascites?

Answer 17

Paracentesis - surgical puncture of peritoneal cavity for aspiration of fluid

Question 18

Intraperitoneal Injection/Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 18

Fluid injected into cavity and absorbed rapidly

Dialysis used for renal failure

Question 19

Peritoneal Adhesions

Answer 19

Caused by peritoneum infection/inflammation/surgery
Healing causes fibrous tissue to form between layers
Limits normal movement and painful

Question 20

Esophageal Varices

Answer 20

Caused by portal hypertension
Venous blood flow causes varices at azygos vein
Can rupture causing internal bleeding and blood emesis