External Factors And Gender Differences In Achievement Flashcards
How does the impact of feminism affect GD in achievement?
-Improved women’s rights more opportunities because of in changes in the law, raising expectations and self-esteem.
-Reflected in media, McRobbies’ study of girls’ magazines, in the 1970s, they empathised the important of getting married, but now they contain images of independent women.
-Role models improve women’s achievement.
How does changes in the family affect GD in achievement?
Since the 1970’s there has been:
-an increase in divorce rate
-an increase in cohabitation and decrease in number of marriages
-Increase of lone families
-Smaller families.
How does changes in women’s employment affect the GD in achievement?
-The 1970 equal pay act.
-Since 1975 the difference from men and women’s pay gap has gone from 30% to 15%.
-Women in employment has increased from 53%, 1971 to 67% in 2013, flexible and part time jobs offers has also impacted increase.
-Women are now ‘breaking through the glass ceiling’ - the invisible barrier that keeps them out of high-level professional jobs.
How have girl’s changing ambition affected GD in achievement?
-Sue sharpe- interviews with girls from the 1970’s and then the 1990’s show a major a shift of girl’s view of the future:
- In the 1974- they had low aspirations, success was ‘unfeminine’, priorities being marriage, children and love.
-In 1990’s girls saw that girls saw themselves as independent women and they wanted to have careers.
What does O’Connor say about 14-17 year olds in 2007?
Marriage and children were not a major part of their life plans.
What does Beck and Beck-Gernsheim say about the trend towards individualism?
In modern society, independence is valued much more strongly than in women’s past lives.
What does Fuller say about girls education and education for success in 2011?
Educational success was a central aspect of their identity, seeing themselves as creators of their future.
What did Swann find about girls in classrooms?
Girls are treated differently than boys in school and they out perform male students.
What does Reay argue about the class of girls in education?
The limited aspirations because of their class reflects onto their jobs later on in life with them perceiving limited job opportunities being available to them.
What did Biggart 2002 find about W girls ?
WC girls are more likely to face a more likely to face a ‘more like to fail job’ in the labour market, and see motherhood as the only viable option for their future.
