Cultural Deprivation - External Factors Flashcards
What is cultural deprivation?
Inadequate socialisations in the home.
What are the 3 main aspects of cultural deprivation?
- Intellectual and linguistic skills.
- Attitudes and values.
- Family structure and parental support.
What does a lack of intellectual and linguistic skills cause?
Leaves them poorly equipped for school because they have not been able to develop reasoning and problem-solving skills.
What did Bereiter and Engelmann say about L&L skills?
They consider language spoken by low-income black American families inadequate, ungrammatical and incapable of expressing abstract ideas.
What are the statistics that show that non-English speakers at home doesn’t affect not perform as badly as concerned to be?
In 2010 as study showed that non-english speakers at home only scored 3.2 less points on average than English speakers.
What did Gilborn and Mirza find?
Indian pupils do well despite often not having English as their first language at home.
What are attitudes and values in education?
-They see this as how a student acts towards education by how much they value it and their attitudes towards it.
-Sociologists see this as a major cause towards the failure of black children.
What does the mainstream culture for most children do?
Equips them with ambition, competitiveness and willingness to reach goals.
What does CD theorists argue for black children’s subculture cause?
A fatalistic ‘live for today’ attitude.
What do CD theorists argue what happens when there is a failure to socialise children adequately?
It results in a dysfunctional society.
What does Moynihan argue for family structure and parental support?
Many black families are led by a lone mother, their children are deprived of adequate care because they are missing the ‘breadwinner’. Boys also lack the role model of male achievement.
This causes a cycle in the family, causing them to become inadequate parents themselves.
What does the new right sociologist - Murray, argue for family structure in achievement?
High rate of lone parenthood and lack of male role models causes underachievement of minorities.
What does Scruton say about family and parental structure in achievement?
Low achievement of ethnic minorities is a result of failure to embrace the mainstream culture.
What does Ken Pryce say about family structure?
He states that the underachievement for black Caribbean children is due to their culture being less resistant to racism and therefore having lower self esteem.
He compares them to Asian cultures who are more resistant to racism.
What does Sewell state about father, gangs and cultures?
-He sees that father’s ’tough love’ as finding it hard to overcome the emotional and behavioural difficulties of adolescence.
-He states that the biggest barrier of boys achievement is ‘peer pressure’.
-Black students do worse than Asian students because they need to have greater expectations on them from their socialisations to raise their aspirations.
How does Gilborn criticise Sewell?
He argues that it is not peer pressure but it is institutional racism in the education system that produces the failure of black boys.
How does Sewell view Indian and Chinese pupils?
They benefit from supportive families that have an ‘Asian work ethic’ and places high value on education.
What does Lipton say about Asian families?
Adult authority in Asian families is similar to model that operates in school.
What did McCulloh find in white WC families?
A survey of 16,000 children showed that minority students are more likely to aspire to go to university than white children .
What did Lupton find about low achievement due to lack of parental support?
-She did a study of 4 schools, finding that there was poorer behaviour in white WC schools.
-Teachers blamed this on lower levels of parental support, and the negative views of education from parents.
-These parents see education as ‘a way up in society’.
What did Gillian Evans say about street culture in white WC areas?
-It can be brutal and so young people have to learn to withstand intimation and intimidate others.
-School can become a place where the street games are brought into the classroom, causing disruption to others and making hard for pupils to succeed.
What is compensatory education and what does it do for students?
-It is a set of programs that help students who are economically disadvantaged or have learning disabilities.
-The aim of ‘Operation Head Start’ was to compensate children from the ‘cultural deficit’ as they are said to suffer because of deprived backgrounds.
What are some criticisms of the CD theory?
-Driver- it ignores the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement, showing that the black Caribbean family, far from being dysfunctional, provides girls with positive roles models of strong independent women.
-Lawrence- challenges Pryce’s view that black culture is weak by saying they underachieve because of racism.
-Keddie- see CD as a victim blaming explanation. Minority children are culturally different, not deprived, underachieving because schools are ethnocentric.
