Exterior Final Flashcards by A B

Which of the following soils can support the least load-bearing pressure?

a. Silt with high compressibility

b. Poorly graded gravel

c. Poorly graded sands

d. Sedimentary Rock

a. Silt with high compressibility

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Garage door operators may fail to operate for any of the following reasons EXCEPT

a. improper installation

b. the auto reverse sensitivity being set too low

c. poor door adjustment

d. tripping of the GFCI receptacle

b. the auto reverse sensitivity being set too low. If the auto-reverse sensitivity is set too low, the auto-reverse mechanism will not be very sensitive at all. This will not prevent the garage door from operating, but will perhaps prevent it from stopping and reversing automatically.

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In crawl spaces, how much venting is needed?

a. 1 square foot for every 1500 square feet with in vent opening located within 3’ of every corner

b. 5 square foot for every 1500 square feet with in vent opening located within 5’ of every corner

c. 2 square foot for every 1000 square feet with in vent opening located within 3’ of every corner

d. 3 square foot for every 900 square feet with in vent opening located within 3’ of every cornera.

a. 1 square foot for every 1500 square feet with in vent opening located within 3’ of every corner

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In general, the grading around a building should be positively sloped for how many feet away from the building?

a. 5 feet

b. 50 feet

c. 10 feet

d. 25 feet

c. 10 feet

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While inspecting a crawl space, you should probe for decay if the _________ is dark in appearance.

a. King joist

b. Floor joist

c. Masonry wall

d. Bearing wallb. Floor joist

b. Floor joist

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How long should the minimum fire rating for a garage door be?

a. 5 minutes

b. 15 minutes

c. 20 minutes

d. 30 minutes

c. 20 minutes

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When are porch railings required?

a. When the home will be owned by someone with children under 10.

b. When the porch is more than 30” above ground

c. When the porch is in the front yard

d. When the porch is built on a concrete slab.

b. When the porch is more than 30” above ground.

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How high should ignition sources be above the ground in garages?

a. Minimum 10”

b. Minimum 12”

c. Minimum 16”

d. Minimum 18”

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Rebar is made in 1/8 increments. Therefore; #4 rebar is…

a. 4/8ths or 1/2

b. 3/4ths

c. 5/8ths

d. 1/4

a. 4/8ths or 1/2

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Venting for flood zoned crawl spaces should be

a. 1 sq inch for every 3 sq ft

b. 1 sq inch for every sq foot

c. 2 sq inches for every 3 sq ft

d. 1 sq inch for ever 5 sq ft

b. 1 sq inch for every sq foot

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Why must building footings extend below the frost line?

a. Because the footing could crack when the soil around it freezes and expands if it is not below the frost line

b. so that the soil around the footing does not freeze, expand, and cause the footing to shift

c. Building footings are not required to extend below the frost line unless the building is located in a very cold climate

d. So that the water in the concrete will not freeze and cause spalling in the footing.

b. So that the soil around the footing does not freeze, expand, and cause the footing to shift

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What type of foundation has a large amount of reinforced steel and is known as a floating foundation?

a. Pier-and-grade beam foundation system

b. “Inverted T” spread footing foundation

c. “Battered” foundation footing system

d. Mat foundation slab

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What is the minimum allowed slope of graded soil next to a building’s foundation, according to the International Residential Code (IRC)?

a. 5”/10’

b. 5”/12’

c. 6”/12’

d. 6”/10’

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How far above grade should a concrete slab extend?

a. At least 4”

b. At least 6”

c. At least 8”

d. There is no minimum requirement.

c. At least 8”

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How far should shrubbery be trimmed from house?

a. 6”

b. 1’

c. 2’

d. 3’

b. 1’

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You are required to inspect all of the following EXCEPT?

a. Driveways

b. Patios

c. Adjacent Walkways

d. the neighbors sidewalk

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All of the following are common tools used by home inspectors EXCEPT ?

a. Marble

b. Flashlight

c. Awl

d. hammer

d. hammer - Common tools used by home inspectors include marbles used to determine if floors slant or are level, flashlights used to see in dark areas, and awls can be used instead of screwdrivers to search for wood decay.

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Which of the following are you required to inspect during your inspection of the home’s exterior?

a. Sheds

b. Docks

c. Fences

d. Carport

d. Carport - During your inspection of the home’s exterior, you are required to inspect the carport. Other types of outbuildings such as sheds do not have to be inspected. Fences and docks are not required inspection areas since they are not connected to the home and cannot damage the home’s structural integrity.

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Joists should have an end bearing of at least

a. 1”

b. 1.5”

c. 3.5”

d. 6”

“b. 1.5”” - Joists should have an end bearing of at least 1 1/2 inches.

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When inspecting porch roofs, you should be checking for all of the following except

A) rot and loose connection points to the building.

B) insulation in the ceiling.

C) evidence of water damage on the underside.

D) sagging beams.

B
The answer is INSULATION IN THE CEILING. Insulation is not usually an issue with porch roofs since both sides of the porch roof are cold.

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Elements of a well-constructed garage floor (slab-on-grade type) include all of the following except

A) well compacted backfill placed in the trenches around the garage foundation.

B) a free-draining granular base below the concrete.

C) rigid foam insulation under the concrete floor slab.

D) adequate slope toward the vehicle door.

C
The answer is RIGID FOAM INSULATION UNDER THE CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB. Foam insulation is not a necessary element in a well constructed garage floor slab.

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All of the following are common surface water drainage problems except

A) porous soil.

B) improper ground surface slope.

C) basement windows without wells.

D) clogged catch basins.

C
The answer is BASEMENT WINDOWS WITHOUT WELLS. Basement windows without wells are not necessarily a grading problem. The basement windows may be above grade level.

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Poor materials for porch floors include all of the following except

A) oriented strandboard (osb).

B) hardboard.

C) cedar.

D) plywood.

C
The answer is CEDAR. Cedar is a good material for a porch floor, although it is not as strong as some other softwoods.

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All of the following are common problems with window wells except

A) a window well is missing.

B) the well walls are damaged.

C) the floor of the well is 12 inches below the window.

D) the well walls are rusted.

C
The answer is THE FLOOR OF THE WELL IS 12 INCHES BELOW THE WINDOW. It’s acceptable if the bottom of the well is 12 inches below the window.

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All of the following are common downspout problems except A) missing. B) leaking. C) discharging onto the ground. D) too few.

C The answer is DISCHARGING ONTO THE GROUND. Downspouts that discharge onto the ground are the arrangement preferred by most inspectors.

All of the following are flat roof drainage systems except A) galvanized steel gutters. B) yankee gutters. C) interior drains. D) scuppers.

B The answer is YANKEE GUTTERS. Yankee gutters would not be used on a flat roof.

All of the following statements are true of structural garage floors except A) structural garage floors should not be inspected for design adequacy as part of a home inspection. B) cracks in structural garage floors indicate structural failure. C) structural garage floors may need inspection by a specialist. D) much of the strength in suspended concrete garage floors is derived from the steel reinforcement in the concrete.

B The answer is CRACKS IN STRUCTURAL GARAGE FLOORS INDICATE STRUCTURAL FAILURE. Cracks in structural garage floors do not necessarily indicate structural failure. Much of the strength in the floor system is derived from the steel reinforcement.

The implications of trees or shrubs too close to a house include all of the following except A) mechanical damage to the house. B) excess soil moisture adjacent to the house. C) reduced drying potential of siding. D) roots blocking or collapsing sewer pipes.

B The answer is EXCESS SOIL MOISTURE ADJACENT TO THE HOUSE. Having trees or shrubs too close to a house doesn't usually create excess moisture in the soil adjacent to the house.

Common gutter problems include all of the following except A) leaking. B) undersized. C) loose. D) connected to two downspouts.

D The answer is CONNECTED TO TWO DOWNSPOUTS. It's acceptable for gutters to be connected to two downspouts.

The following are common problems with "Overhead Sectional Vehicle Doors" in garages EXCEPT. a. Difficult to open or close b. Rot c. Dents or other mechanical damage d. Counterweights e. Automatic opener problems

d. Counterweights are NOT A PROBLEM with garage doors.

For safety reasons, all stair treads should be: a. 6 inches b. 8 inches c. Consistent d. Equal to rise

c. Consistent

What is the MINIMUM clearance from insulation for recessed electrical fixtures not rated for contact with insulation? a. 3 inches b. 4 inches c. 6 inches d. 8 inches

a. 3 inches

On an interior inspection of a skylight you might use: a. Your eyes b. A ladder c. A moisture meter d. All of the above

d. All of the above

A "GUARDRAIL" is required where and must have what? a. For any "walk off" higher than 30 inches above floor or grade. b. Minimum height is 36 inches (34" stair RAIL) c. Maximum opening size 4" (6" at tread rise, under rail triangle). d. All of the above

d. All of the above

an inspection done to the standards includes a. Cabanas b. detached workshops c. detached garages d. detached sheds e. gazebos

typical problems with steps and landings include all of the following except a. rise, run and slope b. settlement c. rot, wood/soil contact d. cantilevered beams e. spalling mortar/masonry units

A maximum rise for steps is commonly ____ inches a. 7 b. 8 c. 9 d. 10 e. 11

A Landing may not be needed for exterior steps - a. when it is a secondary entrance and there are three or fewer risers b. where there are three or fewer risers, regardless of which entrance it is c. if the steps have a handrail that is at least 30 in tall d. where there are fewer than six steps e. when the door opens inward

Generally speaking, guardrails are - a. required on balconies only b. required on any decks, porches or balconies 36 inches above grade c. required on any decks, porches or balconies 2 feet or 30 inches above grade d. not regulated by jurisdiction e. required on stairs leading to any balcony

Why is a 2 x 6 on edge considered a poor handrail? a. A 2 x 6 may not be strong enough to support a person's weight b. It can be difficult to grab c. When wet, a 2 x 6 can become slippery d. 2 x 6 boards tend to shrink as the wood dries, leaving exposed slivers e. There isn't room to get one's hand behind the 2 x 6

when inspecting railings, the inspector should do all of the following except a. make reference to the standards set by local authorities b. consider height of surface above grade c. consider spindle Spacing d. consider guardrail height e. test for adequate securement

exterior columns typically support all of the following except a. porch floors b. porch roofs c. decks d. carports e. patios

spalling and mortar damage near the bottom of an exterior masonry column would likely be the result of a. eccentric loads b. Frost heave c. soil erosion d. freeze/thaw Cycles e. insect or vermin damage

which of the following would not cause a column to shift? a. Frost heave b. eccentric loads c. improper footings or foundations d. mechanical damage e. Rising damp

beams rely on at least _____ inches of bearing: a. 1 1/4 inches b. 2 inches c. 3 1/4 inches d. 4 inches e. 6 inches

common beam problems on porches include all of the following except: a. checking b. sag c. poor end support d. rot or insect damage e. wood/soil contact

probing the ends of beams with a screwdriver is a good way to check for: a. rot b. end bearing c. sag d. pressure treated wood e. rotation

joists twisting or warping is commonly caused by a. uneven settling b. poor end bearing c. wood rot d. lumber shrinking unevenly as it dries e. higher than anticipated loading of the deck

Cedar is not a good choice of cantilevered balconies because a. it is resistant to rot b. it is not very strong c. it cannot be pressure treated d. it is too expensive to be used as a framing member e. it does not make as dramatic an architectural detail as other softwoods

sagging joists can be the result of any of the following except: a. overspanned joists b. excessive loads c. undersized decking d. sagging beams e. undersized joists

which of the following statements is false? a. cantilevered joists have most of their length inside the house, and up to one third of their length exposed outside b. carpet-type PVC Roof membranes are not suitable for use on deck surfaces c. wood skirting around porches and decks should be kept 6 inches above the soil d. it is a bad idea to visually align a beam with a gutter to check for sag e. joist twisting is caused by lumber shrinking unevenly as it dries

The cantilevered portion of joists should be no more than: a. one third the entire joist length b. one half the entire joist length c. one quarter the entire joist length d. 6 feet e. 4 feet for 2 x 8s and 6 feet for 2 x 10s

why is carpeting on wood porches considered to be a problem? a. it hides the wood from home inspectors b. if not fastened down, it could slip, causing injury c. the carpet can trap water next to the wood, promoting rot d. the wood cannot be stained or painted e. ventilation below the porch floor is obstructed

scanning a porch with your eye at floor level is a good way to check for: a. rot b. sag c. undersized floorboards d. loose or twisted joists e. insect damage

which of the following are the most appropriate deck fasteners? a. roofing nails b. hot-dipped galvanized nails c. drywall screws d. 8-penny finishing nails e. electroplate galvanized nails

which of the following is not a common problem with wood decks? a. settlement b. rotting wood c. use of pressure treated lumber d. carpet over wood e. loose steps

where is Rot most likely to occur in deck and porch floors? a. on the underside of the floorboards b. where there is the most foot traffic c. where is there is no roof over the floor d. near steps due to the Stringer attachments e. at horizontal joints with end grains

the floor of a window well should be: a. asphalt b. poured concrete c. single ply roofing membrane d. gravel e. level with the bottom of the window

problems with window well drains include all of the following except: a. missing b. not connected c. broken d. obstructed with debris e. six inches below the window

the advantages of window well covers include: a. better ventailation b. use of egress c. reduced heat loss d. reduced risk of leakage e. better security

sidewalks that are the property of the municipality: a. do not have to be inspected b. are typically asphalt c. are usually in worse condition than other walkways d. must be at least five feet wide e. cannot be made with paver

common materials for walks and driveways include all of the following except: a. concrete b. asphalt c. stone d. brick e. cork

all of the following are common problems with walks and driveways except a. cracked surfaces b. uneven surfaces c. control joints d. improper slope e. poor drainage

the most important implication of cracked or broken walkways is: a. water in the basement b. damage to the utility lines below the walkway c. difficulty in snow removal d. trip hazard e. water ponding on the walkway

the causes of unevenness in a concrete walkway include all of the following except: a. poor installation b. using concrete with entrained air c. local erosion of the sub-base d. heavy vehicle traffic e. tree roots

two-inch-high steps in walkways: a. are better than a sloped surface because of drainage issues b. are more desirable than a few larger steps c. require a railing if there are more than three steps in a row d. may be hard to see e. should have a maximum tread width of 12 inches

recently disturbed ground may mean all of the following except: a. a recent excavation b. repair to gas, water or sewer mains c. dampproofing operations d. oil tank replacement e. termite treatment

common problems with patios include all of the following except: a. trip hazards b. slip hazards c. no railings d. slopes that drain water toward the house e. uneven surfaces

a terrace is: a. a raised patio b. a wood deck more than two feet above the grade c. a balcony that is too small to walk out on d. a shallow drainage ditch e. a stepped foundation wall

a vulnerable spot for rust on a steel railing is: a. the newel post b. the base where it enters concrete c. the connection between the railing and the top of the spindles d. the connection between the spindles and the bottom of the railing e. the point at which the railing connects to a house wall

all of the following are types of retaining walls except: a. gravity b. cantilevered c. pile d. tied back e. cavity

all of the following statements about retaining wall drainage are true except one. identify the false statement a. drainage is important b. good draining soils such as clay should be used behind retaining walls c. geotextile fabric between the backfill and native soil is useful d. a weeping tile or drainage holes are often recommended e. tied-back walls do not usually require drain holes

the single biggest enemy of retaining walls is: a. rust b. water c. undersized rebar d. inadequate excavation e. inadequate tie backs

all of the following are common retaining wall problems except: a. the use of shoring b. leaning c. bowing d. rot or insect damage e. no drainage system

a ratchet effect on a retaining wall: a. is a repair method b. is another term for deadmen c. is another term for gabion d. is another term for tie backs e. is a mode of failure

Gabion is: a. a type of rebar b. a gravity retaining wall c. a cantilevered retaining wall d. a pile type retaining wall using steel I beams as piles e. a prefabricated retaining wall

the most rot resistant wood retaining wall would be made of: a. Railway ties impregnated with creosote b. pine c. conventional pressure treated lumber d. preserved wood foundation pressure treating e. number one grade clear spruce

weep holes in retaining walls should be: a. 1/4 inch diameter b. 1 inch diameter c. 2 inch diameter d. 4 inch diameter e. 6 inch diameter

weep holes in retaining walls should be spaced no more than: a. 6 inches apart b. 2 feet apart c. 6 feet apart d. 10 feet apart e. 15 feet apart

deadmen are: a. used in gabions b. form the T in a cantilevered retaining wall c. connected to tie backs d. used as footing for shoring e. helical type anchors

Skirting A) is found on decks but not porches. B) can obstruct ventilation. C) should extend down into the soil. D) should not have an access door.

A common slope for a gutter is A) 1 in 100. B) 1 in 25. C) 1 in 300. D) 1 in 200.

Fireproofing in attached garages A) cannot be achieved using masonry block. B) may require a one-hour fire rating. C) always includes a fireproof ceiling. D) never requires a fire-rated man door.

A properly operating "auto-reverse" feature should A) stop and reverse if an obstruction is sensed on the way down. B) stop if an obstruction is sensed on the way down. C) stop and reverse if an obstruction is sensed on the way up. D) stop when an obstruction is sensed when moving in either direction.

The best discharge point for a downspout is A) six inches above grade, adjacent to the house. B) below grade into a storm sewer. C) three feet above grade, adjacent to the house. D) above grade six feet from the house.

Basement window wells should have drains unless A) the base of the well is 12 inches below the window. B) ABS plastic is used. C) the floor of the well is filled with gravel. D) a plastic cover is provided over the well.

A common recommendation for lot grading is A) six inches for the first twelve feet B) one inch per foot for the first ten feet C) six inches per foot for the first ten feet D) six inches for the first ten feet

What would you do if you saw metal ductwork from a forced-air heating system for the house passing through a garage? A) Recommend a supply air register to help heat the garage. B) Suggest that it be insulated to the level required in the area. C) Recommend that it be removed. D) Recommend covering the ductwork with drywall, as this is the only acceptable method to gas-proof a garage.

Integral gutters are A) gutters that are necessary because of the architecture of the house. B) gutters built in to the roofline. C) gutters that are necessary because of the roof size and slope. D) gutters incorporated into the roof gables.

Plastic grid-type foundation drainage material relies on what other building component for successful performance? A) Gutters and downspouts B) Foundation insulation C) Perimeter drainage tile D) Dampproofing with bituminous coatings

Drains should be provided outside the vehicle door in garages that are A) provided with interior drains. B) detached. C) in wet climates where the garage is attached. D) below grade, where the driveway slopes down toward the garage.

Downspouts running across roof surfaces A) protect the roof from roof or gutter discharge from a higher roof. B) may damage the roof. C) are prone to clogging because they are not vertical. D) can cause ice damming problems.

Which of the following is an implication of improper lot grading? (a) Difficulty in establishing sod. (b) Foundation damage. (c) Trees growing too close to the house. (d) Reduced insulation values. (e) Contamination of water supplies.

What is a Finishing Grading Practice? (a) Sand mixed with top soil (b) Rocks (c) Gravel (d) Bermuda grass

What is a common problem with grading? (a) Not compacted (b) Steep slope (c) Too much sand (d) Vapor barrier

Common walkway/driveway problems include all of the following except a. improper slope b. poor drainage c. excessive checking d. paving stone usage e. heaving

Carports: a. are usually supported by four walls b. do not have vehicle doors c. typically have cantilevered roof structures d. typically have floor drains e. should not have the same roof covering materials as the house

A swale is: a. a flashing b. a crack repair method c. a connection to a downspout through a parapet wall d. a low retaining wall e. a shallow drainage ditch

Which of the following on a wood porch is considered a problem? a. too much furniture b. a bbq c. carpeting d. paint e. stain

Mechanical damage to the house and reduced drying potential of the siding could be attributed to which of the following? a. small overhangs b. trees too close c. side yard driveway d. carport instead of a garage e. lawnmower kick up rocks

Dampproofing completed with a plastic grid-type product relies on what to be effective? a. Bituminous coating b. Foundation insulation c. Gutters and downspouts d. Perimeter drainage tile e. Parging

Window wells may be needed in all of the following situations except for: a. houses with deep basements b. basement windows that are above grade level c. basement windows that are wood d. basement windows that are metal e. where light and ventilation for subgrade areas is required

When inspecting exterior structures we should look for all of the following EXCEPT a. water damage b. rot c. entry locks d. insect damage e. safety issues

To prevent sagging, 2 x 6 floorboards need support every ______ A. 16 inches B. 20 inches C. 24 inches D. 32 inches E. 36 inches

The most likely cause of a porch roof pulling away from a house wall is a.insect damage b. settlement, heaving or buckling of columns c.rot d. undersized wood members in the roof structure e. heavy roofing materials, such as slate, used over an unreinforced roof structure

The most expensive solution to wet basement problems is typically a. improving grading b. repairing gutters and downspouts c. repairing foundation cracks d. excavating, dampproofing and adding new drainage tile e. adding basement window wells

The most common downspout weak spots are a. at seams and elbows b. at securement points c. at the bottom d. at downspouts from scuppers e. on aluminum downspouts

Random hairline cracks in the concrete garage floor are usually caused by a. shrinkage during curing b. heaving c. settlement d. de-icing salts e. poor drainage

Problems with drains for basement walkouts include all of the following EXCEPT a. missing b.clogged c. undersized d. the drain has an outdoor trap in cold climates e. the drain is connected to a house floor drain system

Porous materials, such as gravel, around the perimeter of a house may represent a grading problem because a. it’s hard to achieve the appropriate slope down away from a house with gravel b. gravel is too easily disturbed c. homeowners will not accept the appearance of gravel d. the gravel may expand 10 feet down into the ground and wick moisture up through the voids e. the true slope of impervious materials below can’t be determined

Home inspectors typically check the exterior grading a. with a transit b. with a level c. with a plumb bob d. by visual examination only e. observing whether a soccer ball rolls down away from the building when placed against the wall

During an exterior inspection, we inspect all of the following EXCEPT a. porches b. decks c. balconies d. garages e. tennis courts

Draping of concrete garage floors is usually caused by a. slab settlement at perimeter b. concrete shrinkage c. water absorption and subsequent freezing d. too much water in the concrete mix e. missing or undersized rebar

Cracking, leaning or bowing retaining walls for basement walkouts a. are less serious than spalling masonry or concrete, or mortar deterioration b. are easily remedied through reducing the lateral soil pressure by improving grading c. are caused by frost pressure and hydrostatic pressure d. may indicate damage from railing anchors rusting e. may be caused by free-draining soil conditions

Common window well materials include all of the following EXCEPT a. steel b. poured concrete c. wood d. masonry e. copper

Common gutter materials include all of the following EXCEPT a. galvanized steel b. brass c. aluminum d. copper e. plastic

Common features of balconies include the following EXCEPT a. made of wood b. guardrails c. access door d. no steps e. access to ground level

Combustible insulation exposed in garages a. significantly reduces heating costs b. protects cars from rusting c. eliminates sound transmission between the house and the garage d. is only required on the ceiling to minimize heat loss e. is a fire hazard

Catch basin problems include all of the following EXCEPT a.clogged basins b. clogged outlet pipes c. undersized outlet pipes d. obstructed covers e. outlet pipes with 90-degree elbows facing down

As part of a surface water control and grading inspection we look at all of the following EXCEPT a. driveways b. drainage c. walkways d. soil conditions e. retaining walls

An oil furnace in a garage a. should not have a buried oil tank b. requires an outdoor combustion air intake c. should be installed at least 18 inches above the floor level d. should not be used in a garage with an interior drain for fear of oil leakage into the drainage system e. should have 18-inch clearance from combustibles on all sides

All of the following statements about basement walkouts in freezing climates are true except one. Identify the false statement? a. basement walkouts allow greater frost depth around the house b. lowering house foundations and footings can protect against frost damage around basement walkouts c. cracks around doorframes at the walkout can indicate frost heave d. railings should not be provided around the top of basement walkouts for fear of obstructing escape e. many basement walkouts provide an easy path for water to get into basements

All of the following statements about basement walkouts are true except one. Pick the false statement a. walkouts that were built at the same time as the house are more likely to be problems b. walkouts built in free draining soils are less likely to be problems c. the walls of basement walkouts are retaining walls d. perimeter drainage tile is rarely extended around the walkout and reconnected e. repairing poorly built walkouts is expensive

All of the following are evidence of possible erosion on ravine lots EXCEPT a. evidence of chronic water problems in the basement b. a lack of vegetation c. bands of freshly exposed topsoil d. tree trunks significantly off vertical e. cracks in the side or back walls of the house

A man door between the house and garage should a. be weather-stripped b. always be fire-rated and open into the house c. have a 6-inch step up from the house into the garage d. never have a self-closer because a child may be locked in the garage e. be an interior-type door

A guideline for the appropriate slope of a lot away from a house is a. one inch over six feet b. one inch over ten feet c. one inch per foot for two feet d. one inch per yard for twelve feet e. one inch per foot for six feet

A gas-fired, forced-air furnace in a garage a. should not have any gas piping in the garage b. does not require a chimney since it can vent straight into the garage c. should not have a standing pilot d. should be protected from impact damage by vehicles e. should be located well away from the vehicle door to avoid pilot flame blowout by wind