Extent and Rate of reaction 2

Question 1

The reaction mechanism which predominates depends on what?

Answer 1

• Structure of the alkyl halide
• Reactivity of the nucleophile
• Concentration of the nucleophile
• Solvent of the reaction

Question 2

Describe first order reaction.

Answer 2

• Rate of reaction is proportional to the concentration of A

Question 3

What is the rate determining step?

Answer 3

• The formation of the carbocation, ONLY alkyl halide dependent

Question 4

Describe first order reaction rate law.

Answer 4

• For the conversion of A into a product, the rate of
  reaction depends upon [A]
• The rate law is expressed as: Rate= k[A]
• We can express this as the change in concentration of A with time to quantify the effect: Rate =−d[A]/dt = k1[A]

Question 5

Describe what happens in a first order reaction.

Answer 5

In a first order reaction as we decrease the concentration of the reactant, described as [A], the reaction gets slower, i.e. the disappearance of this
reactant is fastest at highest reactant concentrations.

Question 6

Give a first order reaction example.

Answer 6

• Hydrolysis of ampicillin solution
• Treated as Pseudo first order, excess water, i.e. the water concentration does not change during the reaction
• The solution is stored at -5 ℃ in the fridge