Extended biology

Question 0

Name the filtration units in the kidney ?

Answer 0

The Kidney nephrons

Question 1

What are the 3 main roles of the kidney ?

Answer 1

1. Removal of urea
2. Adjustment of ion levels
3. Adjustment of water content

Question 2

At which parts does filtration happen in a kidney nephron ?

Answer 2

1. The glomerulus

2. The Bowman’s capsule

Question 3

The Bowman’s capsule filters leaving out the big molecules in the blood name 2…

Answer 3

1. Proteins

2. Blood cells

Question 4

What is name of maintaining the correct water content in the body ?

Answer 4

Osmoregulation

Question 5

Put the following 8 parts of a kidney nephron in order:

• First convoluted tubule
• Collecting duct
• Loop of Henlé
• Bowman’s capsule
• Capillary network
• Urine
• Glomerulus
• Second convoluted tubule

Answer 5

1. Glomerulus
2. Bowman’s capsule
3. Capillary network
4. First convoluted tubule
5. Loop of Henlé
6. Second convoluted tubule
7. Collecting duct
8. Urine

Question 6

What hormone controls the water reabsorption in the kidney nephron ?

Answer 6

ADH

Question 7

How is the ADH levels controlled ?

Answer 7

The brain monitors the water content and instructs the pituitary gland to release ADH accordingly.

Question 8

Water process is used to control water content?

Answer 8

Negative feedback

Question 9

What does the reproductive egg contain in the cytoplasm ?

Answer 9

Nutrients

Question 10

Define haploid

Answer 10

A cell with only 1 complete set of chromosomes

Question 11

Why do sperm cells have lots of mitochondria ?

Answer 11

So they can respire giving them energy to swim

Question 12

Where is the Acrosome in the sperm cell ? And what does it do ?

Answer 12

It is at the head (tip) of the cell.

It has enzymes which digest there way through the membrane of the egg cell.

Question 13

What is the 1st stage of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 13

Lining of the uterus breaks down

Question 14

What is the 2nd stage of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 14

Lining of the uterus builds up

Question 15

What is the 4th stage of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 15

Lining of uterus maintained

Question 16

What hormone…

• Causes a follicle (an egg and it’s surrounding cells) to man true one of the ovaries.
• Stimulates oestrogen production.

Answer 16

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

Question 17

What hormone…

• Causes the lining of the uterus to thinker and grow.
• A high level stimulates an LH surge ( a rapid increase).

Answer 17

Oestrogen

Question 18

What hormone…

• The LH surge stimulates ovulation at day 14- the follicle ruptures and the egg is released.
• Stimulates the remains of follicle to develop into a structure called corpus luteum — which secretes progesterone.

Answer 18

LH (luteinising hormone)

Question 19

What hormone…

• Maintains the lining of the uterus.
• Inhabits (prevents) the production of FSH and LH.
• When the level of progesterone falls, and there’s a low oestrogen level, the uterus lining breaks down.
• A low progesterone level allows FSH to increase… and then the whole cycle starts again.

Answer 19

Progesterone