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Additional Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The bigger differences in concentrations, means the diffusion rate, will what?

A

Be faster.

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2
Q

When you exercise, your heart rate increases, why is this?

A

To get oxygenated blood around your body faster.

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3
Q

Why does your breathing rate increase during exercise?

A

To get more oxygen into your blood, to give your muscles more energy.

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4
Q

‘The process of breaking down glucose to release energy, which goes in every living cell,’ is the definition for what?

A

Respiration.

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5
Q

The energy released during respiration, is used to do what three things?

A

Build up larger molecules.
Contract muscles.
Maintain a steady body temp.

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6
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy!).

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7
Q

What is the definition for diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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8
Q

Oxygen, glucose and co2 are transported around the body in the blood, what is the process which moves substances between cells and capillaries?

A

Diffusion.

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9
Q

What is the equation to work out cardiac output?

A

Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

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10
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose –> lactic acid (+energy)

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11
Q

Lactic acid causes what in your muscles?

A

Cramp.

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12
Q

The oxygen converts lactic acid (which has built up) into what?

A

Carbon dioxide + water.

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13
Q

Photosynthesis produces what for plants?

A

Food = glucose

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14
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

CO2 + water sunlight Glucose +oxygen
————->
Chlorophyl

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15
Q

Photosynthesis takes place in green leave; but in what part of the cell?

A

Chloroplast

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16
Q

What by-product is produced during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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17
Q

What three adaptation do leaves have which make them efficient for photosynthesis?

A

1) large surface area = exposed to light.
2) chloroplast contain chlorophyl = absorb light
3) have little holes (stomata) lets gases pass through and water vapour escape.

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18
Q

What happens to the mass of catalyst during a reaction?

A

Nothing

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19
Q

What does an enzyme do?

A

Speed up the rate of a reaction

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20
Q

Name the three various reactions that enzymes catalyse?

A

1) D.N.A replication
2) protein synthesis
3) digestion

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21
Q

There are fair DNA bases; (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine) how are they paired?

A

Adenine + thymine

Cytosine + guanine

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22
Q

What are the two strands of DNA held together by?

A

By the chemical bases

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23
Q

What holds the paired bases together?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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24
Q

How do cells make proteins?

A

By stringing amino acids together

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25
Q

FILL THE GAP!

Enzymes are ________ produces by living things.

A

Catalyst

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26
Q

Which part of the plant does photosynthesis take place?

A

The chloroplast

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27
Q

What does a large vacuole contain?

A

Cell sap

28
Q

What doesn’t bacterial cell contain?

A

Nucleus

29
Q

What four things do a bacterial cell have, that other cells do not have?

A

1) chromosomal DNA
2) plasmids
3) flagella
4) cell wall

30
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

DNA

31
Q

What happens in the cytoplasm?

A

Chemical reactions

32
Q

What does the membrane do?

A

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.n

33
Q

What part of the cell controls respiration?

A

Mitochondria

34
Q

What three things Do plant cell have that a animal cell doesn’t?

A

1) Rigid cell wall
2) vacuole
3) cytoplast

35
Q

What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Light intensity
Concentration of CO2
Temperature

36
Q

What is the definition for asmosis?

A

The movement of water molecules across a particular permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

37
Q

How is water taken into the plant from the root hairs?

A

Osmosis

38
Q

Root hairs take minerals into the plant through which process?

A

Active transport

39
Q

Active transport is different to diffusion, why?

A

Active transport is when minerals are taken from a lower centration to a higher concentration.

40
Q

Where does the plant get their energy from to perform active transport?

A

Respiration

41
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Loss of water from the plant

42
Q

Which two processes cause transpiration of water inside the Leaves?

A

Evaporation and diffusion

43
Q

What does the distribution of an organism mean?

A

Where an organism is found

44
Q

Where is the most common place to find stem cells in humans?

A

Bone marrow

45
Q

What disease is a bone marrow transplant used to cure?

A

Sickle cell Anaemia.

46
Q

Uses of cloning…

A

1) Organs for transplant’s.
2) Better understanding of embryo, and ageing.
3) Help preserve endangered species.

47
Q

Issues with cloning…

A

1) reduced gene pool
2) clonned mammals don’t live as long
3) cloning often fails
4) genetic defects
5) unhealthy immune system

48
Q

The process of stem cells becoming Spatialised is called what?

A

Differentiation

49
Q

Stem cells divide to produce what?

A

Most themselves or different types of specialised cells

50
Q

What is a gamete

A

Sex cells, they are haploid

51
Q

How many divisions does meiosis have?

A

Two

52
Q

Cloning is a type of what reproduction?

A

Asexual

53
Q

Describe the process of cloning mammals…

A
  1. ) take an unfertilised egg and remove nucleus
  2. ) remove nucleus from adult body cell (diploid nucleus)
  3. ) insert diploid nucleus into empty egg cell
  4. ) can stimulate buy electric shock
  5. ) put into adult female
54
Q

What does mitosis make new cells for?

A

Growth and repair

55
Q

Describe the cells which mitosis produces

A

Two identical diploid cells

56
Q

What type of reproduction is mitosis?

A

Asexual

57
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human cell have?

A

23

58
Q

Describe the cells which meiosis produces?

A

Four haploid gametes

59
Q

Describe how a Pooter works for collecting ground insects..

A

A jar with two tubes.
Suck up bugs.
Make sure you spend the same time in the sample areas and the sample areas are of the same size.

60
Q

Pitfall traps collect ground insects,how?

A

Container in the ground and the insects will fall in.

61
Q

How do you collect insects in long grass?

A

Sweep nets

62
Q

How do you collect animals in ponds?

A

Pond nets

63
Q

How do you work out a population size?

A
  1. ) work out the mean number of organisms per metre squared
  2. ) multiply the mean by the total area
  3. ) this will equal the total population size
64
Q

How do you test temperature in the environment?

A

Thermometer

65
Q

How do you measure light intensity in the environment?

A

A light sensor

66
Q

How do you measure the soil PH in the environment?

A

Indicator liquid

Science (5 decks)

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