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Additional Biology Flashcards

1
Q

The bigger differences in concentrations, means the diffusion rate, will what?

A

Be faster.

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2
Q

When you exercise, your heart rate increases, why is this?

A

To get oxygenated blood around your body faster.

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3
Q

Why does your breathing rate increase during exercise?

A

To get more oxygen into your blood, to give your muscles more energy.

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4
Q

‘The process of breaking down glucose to release energy, which goes in every living cell,’ is the definition for what?

A

Respiration.

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5
Q

The energy released during respiration, is used to do what three things?

A

Build up larger molecules.
Contract muscles.
Maintain a steady body temp.

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6
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy!).

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7
Q

What is the definition for diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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8
Q

Oxygen, glucose and co2 are transported around the body in the blood, what is the process which moves substances between cells and capillaries?

A

Diffusion.

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9
Q

What is the equation to work out cardiac output?

A

Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

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10
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose –> lactic acid (+energy)

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11
Q

Lactic acid causes what in your muscles?

A

Cramp.

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12
Q

The oxygen converts lactic acid (which has built up) into what?

A

Carbon dioxide + water.

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13
Q

Photosynthesis produces what for plants?

A

Food = glucose

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14
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

CO2 + water sunlight Glucose +oxygen
————->
Chlorophyl

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15
Q

Photosynthesis takes place in green leave; but in what part of the cell?

A

Chloroplast

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16
Q

What by-product is produced during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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17
Q

What three adaptation do leaves have which make them efficient for photosynthesis?

A

1) large surface area = exposed to light.
2) chloroplast contain chlorophyl = absorb light
3) have little holes (stomata) lets gases pass through and water vapour escape.

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18
Q

What happens to the mass of catalyst during a reaction?

A

Nothing

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19
Q

What does an enzyme do?

A

Speed up the rate of a reaction

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20
Q

Name the three various reactions that enzymes catalyse?

A

1) D.N.A replication
2) protein synthesis
3) digestion

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21
Q

There are fair DNA bases; (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine) how are they paired?

A

Adenine + thymine

Cytosine + guanine

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22
Q

What are the two strands of DNA held together by?

A

By the chemical bases

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23
Q

What holds the paired bases together?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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24
Q

How do cells make proteins?

A

By stringing amino acids together

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25
FILL THE GAP! | Enzymes are ________ produces by living things.
Catalyst
26
Which part of the plant does photosynthesis take place?
The chloroplast
27
What does a large vacuole contain?
Cell sap
28
What doesn't bacterial cell contain?
Nucleus
29
What four things do a bacterial cell have, that other cells do not have?
1) chromosomal DNA 2) plasmids 3) flagella 4) cell wall
30
What does the nucleus contain?
DNA
31
What happens in the cytoplasm?
Chemical reactions
32
What does the membrane do?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.n
33
What part of the cell controls respiration?
Mitochondria
34
What three things Do plant cell have that a animal cell doesn't?
1) Rigid cell wall 2) vacuole 3) cytoplast
35
What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity Concentration of CO2 Temperature
36
What is the definition for asmosis?
The movement of water molecules across a particular permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration
37
How is water taken into the plant from the root hairs?
Osmosis
38
Root hairs take minerals into the plant through which process?
Active transport
39
Active transport is different to diffusion, why?
Active transport is when minerals are taken from a lower centration to a higher concentration.
40
Where does the plant get their energy from to perform active transport?
Respiration
41
What is transpiration?
Loss of water from the plant
42
Which two processes cause transpiration of water inside the Leaves?
Evaporation and diffusion
43
What does the distribution of an organism mean?
Where an organism is found
44
Where is the most common place to find stem cells in humans?
Bone marrow
45
What disease is a bone marrow transplant used to cure?
Sickle cell Anaemia.
46
Uses of cloning...
1) Organs for transplant's. 2) Better understanding of embryo, and ageing. 3) Help preserve endangered species.
47
Issues with cloning...
1) reduced gene pool 2) clonned mammals don't live as long 3) cloning often fails 4) genetic defects 5) unhealthy immune system
48
The process of stem cells becoming Spatialised is called what?
Differentiation
49
Stem cells divide to produce what?
Most themselves or different types of specialised cells
50
What is a gamete
Sex cells, they are haploid
51
How many divisions does meiosis have?
Two
52
Cloning is a type of what reproduction?
Asexual
53
Describe the process of cloning mammals...
1. ) take an unfertilised egg and remove nucleus 2. ) remove nucleus from adult body cell (diploid nucleus) 3. ) insert diploid nucleus into empty egg cell 4. ) can stimulate buy electric shock 5. ) put into adult female
54
What does mitosis make new cells for?
Growth and repair
55
Describe the cells which mitosis produces
Two identical diploid cells
56
What type of reproduction is mitosis?
Asexual
57
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human cell have?
23
58
Describe the cells which meiosis produces?
Four haploid gametes
59
Describe how a Pooter works for collecting ground insects..
A jar with two tubes. Suck up bugs. Make sure you spend the same time in the sample areas and the sample areas are of the same size.
60
Pitfall traps collect ground insects,how?
Container in the ground and the insects will fall in.
61
How do you collect insects in long grass?
Sweep nets
62
How do you collect animals in ponds?
Pond nets
63
How do you work out a population size?
1. ) work out the mean number of organisms per metre squared 2. ) multiply the mean by the total area 3. ) this will equal the total population size
64
How do you test temperature in the environment?
Thermometer
65
How do you measure light intensity in the environment?
A light sensor
66
How do you measure the soil PH in the environment?
Indicator liquid

Science (5 decks)

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