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BIOCHEM LAB - midterms > EXPT 6 - Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides & Disaccharides) > Flashcards

EXPT 6 - Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides & Disaccharides) Flashcards

1
Q

Molecular formula of carbohydrates

A

Cn(H2O)n

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2
Q

Give the three ways in which carbohydrates are classified

A
  1. According to type of carbonyl group
  2. According to the number of carbon atoms
  3. According to the number of sugar units
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3
Q

ketoses belongs to which group?

A

keto group

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4
Q

aldoses belongs to which group?

A

aldehyde group

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5
Q

notations that are used to describe the configurations of carbohydrates.

A

D and L notations

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6
Q

the OH group is on the right

A

D notations

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7
Q

the OH group is on the left

A

L notations

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8
Q

It is the chiral carbon farthest from the aldehyde or ketone functional group.

A

penultimate (next-to-last) carbon atom

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9
Q

it does not tell the nature of the carbonyl group, but tells the number of carbons.

A

triose

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10
Q

the only two trioses

A

-glyceraldehyde (aldotriose)
-dihydroxyacetone (ketotriose)

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11
Q

composed of one sugar units (simple sugars)

A

Monosaccharide

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12
Q

composed of two monosaccharide units

A

Disaccharide

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13
Q

a few, usually 2 – 10 monosaccharide units

A

Oligosaccharides

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14
Q

are polymers of the simple sugars usually more than 10 monosaccharide units

A

Polysaccharides

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15
Q

the three common monosaccharides

A

glucose
fructose
galactose

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16
Q

the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body’s cells

A

Glucose

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17
Q

a fruit sugar, is the simplest ketonic sugar. It is the sweetest naturally occurring carbohydrate

A

Fructose

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18
Q

is a C-4 epimer of glucose. It is known as the brain sugar. It supports the brain development of infants.

A

Galactose

19
Q

composed of two monosaccharide subunits hooked together by an acetal linkage

A

Disaccharides

20
Q

Disaccharides yield two _______________ upon hydrolysis

A

monosaccharides

21
Q

derived from two glucose

A

Maltose

22
Q

In maltose, ά-D-glucose linked to β-D-glucose by an _____________________.

A

ά (1-4) glycosidic bond

23
Q

a repeating disaccharide unit of starch and a product of hydrolysis of starch by the action of either enzymes or acids

A

maltose

24
Q

the juice from sprouted barley and other cereal grains.

A

malt

25
Q

essential ingredient of food preparations for invalids and babies

A

maltose

26
Q

derived from glucose + galactose

A

lactose

27
Q

Lactose is made up of β -D-galactose linked to β -D-glucose by ________________________.

A

β (1-4) glycosidic bond

28
Q

the principal sugar present in milk; it makes up about 5 to 8 percent of human milk and 4 to 6 percent of cow’s milk

A

lactose

29
Q

derived from glucose and fructose

A

sucrose

30
Q

Sucrose is made up of β-D-fructose linked to an ά-D-glucose by a ___________________.

A

β (2-1) glycosidic bond

31
Q

a non reducing sugar that is most important sugar from the dietary standpoint, widely distributed in nature especially in cane sugar and sugar beets

A

sucrose

32
Q

Phloroglucinol-HCl test is used to specifically detect what sugars?

A

galactose and lactose

33
Q

produce needle-shaped yellow osazone crystals.

A

Glucose, fructose and mannose

34
Q

produce mushroom-shaped crystals

A

lactose

35
Q

produces star-shaped (flower-shaped) crystals.

A

maltose

36
Q
  1. In Molisch Test, what is the principle behind the production of color at the junction of two liquids?
A

The color formed is due to the reaction of alpha-naphthol with furfural and/or its derivative formed by the dehydration of sugars concentrated sulfuric acid

37
Q

is like the Benedict’s test for reducing sugars only that it involves treating the sample with concentrated H2SO4 which results to acid hydrolysis of disaccharides forming monosaccharides

A

Trommer’s test

38
Q

a reduction test that uses bismuth subnitrate which is reduced to black precipitate bismuth when reacted with a reducing sugar

A

Nylander’s test

39
Q

qualitative test that distinguishes aldehydes from ketones on the principle that aldehydes are easily oxidized than ketones

A

Tollen’s test (silver mirror test)

40
Q

Test for the presence of reducing sugars. It reacts with metal to form metal picrates.

A

Picric acid test

41
Q

a chemical compound formally called 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP).

A

picric acid

42
Q

Positive results of picric acid test

A

formation of MAHOGANY RED SOLUTION

43
Q

a toxic yellow crystalline solid and one of the most acidic phenols.

A

picric acid (dry)

BIOCHEM LAB - midterms (4 decks)

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