Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavior therapy > Exposure txs > Flashcards

Exposure txs Flashcards

1
Q

Common elemnts of exposure

A
  1. assessment
  2. psychoed
  3. prolonged exposure
  4. processing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 basic paradigms of exposure tx

A
  1. brief and graduated

2. prolonged and intense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

first 2 exposure txs (brief)

A
  1. systematic desensitization

2. in vivo desensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of prolonged and intense exposure txs

A
  • in vivo flooding
  • imaginal flooding
  • implosure therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

brief and graduated (description)

A

exposes clients to threatening events for short period of time and incrementally
- beginning w aspects of the events that produce minimal anxiety and progressing to more anxiety provoking aspects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prolonged and intense (description)

A

exposes client to threatening events for a lengthy period of time at a high intensity from the outset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Modes of exposure

A
  1. In vivo - ACTUALLY exposed

2. Imaginal - vividly imagine scene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Competing response

A

during exposure, client engages in a bx that competes w anxiety such as relaxing muscles while visualizing the anxiety-evoking event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Response prevention

A

during tx, cl kept from engaging in the maladaptive avoidance or escape bxs typically used to reduce anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exaggerated scenes

A

to heighten intensity or vividness or imaginal exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mechanisms of effect - systematic desensitization - Wolpe and counterconditioning

A

Brief/graduated exposure counters classical conditioned by associating the anxiety evoking event with relaxation or another anxiety competing response
- learn new assoc – anxiety event and competing response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Limitation of counterconditioning

A

brief/grad works w/out competing response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mechanisms of effect - systematic desensitization - Wolpe and reciprocal inhibition

A

During brief/graduated exposure – cl’s anxiety (sympathetic) is inhibited by reciprocal or opposite physiological response ie relaxation (parasympathetic)
2 premises
1. first, anxiety increases and system is aroused
2. then relaxing stimulus starts to override it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mech of effect - systematic desensitization - extinction

A

pairing is broken in brief/graduated exposure when the cl is repeatedly exposed to the conditioned stimulus (speaking in class) in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus (being laughed at)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mech of effect - systematic desens - cog formulation

A

Self schema, shift in cognitive structure

  • Thinking about situations more realistically
  • Lead clients to expect that they will be less anxious
  • Strengthen the clients’ beliefs that they are capable of coping with their anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mech of effect - prolonged

A
  • Operant extinction

- habituation process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is learned in systematic desensitization

A

CC does not entail acquisition of a new response

- but instead the connection of an existing response to a new stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Components of sys desens

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Relaxation training
  3. Constructing an anxiety hierarchy
  4. SUDS
  5. Desensitization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Factors affecting effectiveness of sys desens - facilitative

A
  1. Repeated safe exposure to anxiety-evoking situations
  2. In a gradual manner
  3. While engaging in a competing response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

essential component for effectiveness for sys desens

A

= repeated exposure to anxiety evoking situations without the client experiencing any negative consequences (there are exceptions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

desensitization can be effective when

A
  • exposed to the highest items in the hierarchy first or only the highest items
  • with or without relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Counterconditioning and aversive counterconditioning:

A

maladaptive bx paired with aversive stimulus to weaken the maladaptive bx response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Coping desensitization

A

Goldfried

- Bodily sensations of anxiety are used to cue the cl to engage in coping response such as muscle relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hybrid form of coping desensitization:

A

active-imaginal exposure –> physically perform coping response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Coping desensitization differs from std in the following ways:

A
  1. Cl stays w the scene
  2. Instructed to use relaxation to cope
    - continues visualizing and thinking thoughts like “I am handling this”
  3. Anx hierarchy does NOT need a common theme
    Rather than just terminate scene and relax, as in std desens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Flooding

A

Generic name for prolonged/intense exposure bc cl is flooded w anxiety for prolonged period
- NO feared consequences occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In vivo flooding

A

Prolonged/intense exposure to actual anxiety producing stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Essential component of in vivo flooding

A

exposure to highly anxiety-evoking situation long enough for client’s discomfort to peak then start to decline

29
Q

In vivo flooding can be used to treat

A

phobies, OCD, PTSD, AN, Body dysmorphic d/o

30
Q

Imaginal flooding

A

same basic principles and procedures w in vivo flooding except that exposure occurs in cl’s imagination
- Adv = no restrictions on nature of situation

31
Q

Basic elements of imaginal flooding

A
  • Clear, detailed visualization
  • Enhanced vividness by asking for multiple sensory modalities w as much detail as possible, using present tense, eyes closed
32
Q

characteristic of all exposure therapiest

A

cl experiences significant anxiety but feared consequences do NOT occur

33
Q

Emotional processing requirements of PE tx are..

A

based on the fear structure

34
Q

Fear structure

A 
= program for escaping danger 
includes info about:
1. feared stim
2. feared response
3. meaning of stimuli and responses
35
Q

Emotional processing requires

A
  1. Accessing the fear structure
    - so can see it isn’t scary anymore
    - psychoed
  2. Availability of corrective info along the way
    - avoiding a memory
36
Q

Processing of traumatic memories requires..

A
  • repeated activation of the trauma memory

- incorporation of corrective info about the world and self

37
Q

activation of the trauma memory occurs via

A

confronting trauma reminders

38
Q

two primary procedures in PE

A
  1. In vivo
    - ALL h/w
    - start w SUDS of 50-60
  2. Imaginal
    - repeated ask cl to recall memory
    - present tense
    - eyes closed
    - as much detail as possible
    - repeat
39
Q

conceptualization of panic d/o

A

acquired fear of bodily sensations, particularly sensations associated w autonomic arousal

40
Q

Triple vulnerability theory

A
  1. Genetic contributions
  2. psychological vulnerability to experience anxiety characterized by diminished sense of control arising from early developmental experiences, and
  3. early learning experiences or learned associations
41
Q

In panic d/o – the experience of certain somatic sensations becomes associated w

A

heightened sense of threat and danger

42
Q

Factors perpetuating fear in panic d/o

A
  1. Fear conditioning,
  2. avoidant responding
  3. info processing biases
43
Q

Fear of fear

A

AKA anxiety focused on somatic sensations

  • refers to anxiety about certain bodily sensations associated w panic
  • maintenance factor in panic
44
Q

fear of fear attributed to TWO factors

A
  1. Interoceptive conditioning
    - conditioned fear of internal cues
    - low level somatic sensations = conditioned stimuli
  2. Catastrophic misappraisals of bodily sensations
45
Q

Components of panic d/o tx

A
  • Education
  • self-monitoring (ESSENTIAL)
  • breathing retraining (de-emphasized lately)
  • applied relaxation
  • cognitive restructuring - targets misappraisals of bodily sensations
  • exposure (CRITICAL PHASE) - disconform misappraisals and extinguish conditioned responses
46
Q

types of exposure in panic tx

A
  • in vivo
  • imaginal
  • interoceptive
47
Q

Barlow’s model of panic

A

Psychological and biological predispositions enhance vulnerability to acquire fear
- Triple Vulnerability Theory

48
Q

Triple vulnerability theory

A

Organization of interacting etiologies

  • bio
  • psych
  • experience
49
Q

Biological vulnerability

A

Genetic contributions to the development of anxiety and negative affect

  • temperament = neuroticism or proneness to experience negative affect
  • negative affectivity
50
Q

negative affectivity

A

closely linked construct that is the tendency to experience a variety of negative emotions across a variety of situations even in the absence of objective stressors

51
Q

psychological vulnerability

A

experience anxiety and related negative affective states, characterized by a diminished sense of control arising from early developmental experiences

  • anxiety sensitivity
  • fear of fear
52
Q

Learning experiences

A

early learning experiences in some instances seem to focus anxiety on particular areas of concern

  • hx of medical illness and abuse
  • introceptive awareness
53
Q

length of exposure - what is best?

A

longer = better

54
Q

Studies suggest that a single massed exposure is ____ effective than a series of short exposures of the same total duration

A

MORE

55
Q

most effective forms of exposure

A

tasks designed to violate expectancies for negative outcomes

56
Q

physiological habituation and/or the amount of fear reduction in an exposure trial is predictive of the overall outcome - True or false?

A

FALSE

  • tolerating fear/anxiety = more critical learning experience
  • focus = staying in situation until fear/anx subsides
57
Q

length of exposure trial = based on

A

conditions necessary for new learning

- NOT fear reduction

58
Q

learning is best measured by

A

the level of anxiety experienced the next time the cl encounters the phobic situation or at a some later time

59
Q

schedule of exposure practices - superior outcomes assoc w

A

schedule of progressively increasing duration b/w exposure trials in circumscribed phobias
- begin wkly

60
Q

level of arousal assoc w superior outcomes

A

want cl to reach a peak then decline - this is when learning occurs

61
Q

associative model (for safety signals)

A

assumes that the negative associative strength of the inhibitory stimulus cancels out the positive associative strength of the excitatory stimulus
- neg assoc of inhib > pos assoc of excitatory stim

62
Q

attributional model (for safety signals)

A

if subjects attribute the absence of an expected outcome to the inhibitory stimulus, then there is no reason to change the causal status of the excitatory stimulus

  • attribute absence of bad outcome to safety signal
  • eg meds
63
Q

exposure optimizes learning thru

A

extinction

64
Q

T or F - multiple contexts minimize context renewal effects

A

TRUE

65
Q

T of F - reminding cls of experiences in tx may offset return of fear

A

TRUE

66
Q

natural environ is helpful for

A

cog restructuring

67
Q

OCD tx w empirical support is referred to as

A

exposure/response prevention

68
Q

EX/RP txs incl both

A
  1. prolonged exposures to obsessional cues
    AND
  2. Procedures aimed at blocking rituals

Behavior therapy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions