Classical conditioning principles

Question 1

Basic paradigm of CC

Answer 1

• Neutral stimulus repeatedly paired with stimulus that naturally elicits a particular response
• Naturally occurring stimulus paired with a response
• Then previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus
• Eventually previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the particular response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus
• Two elements then known as conditioned stimulus and conditioned response

Question 2

UCS

Answer 2

stimulus that elicits a particular response WITHOUT training

Question 3

UCR

Answer 3

response that occurs to a stimulus without prior training

Question 4

CS

Answer 4

stimulus that does not elicit a particular response initially but comes do to so as a result of becoming associated with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

CR

Answer 5

response that comes to be made to the conditioned stimulus as a result of classical conditioning

Question 6

Higher-order conditioning

Answer 6

Procedure in which a previously conditioned stimulus (CS1) is used to condition a new stimulus (CS2)
- CS2 comes to elicit the CR

Question 7

Two phases of higher-order conditioning

Answer 7

1. CS (tone) + UCS (coffee) = salivation

2. CS (light) + CS (tone) = CR salivation

Question 8

Variables influencing effectiveness of conditioning

Answer 8

1. sequence
2. interval
3. belongingness
4. salience
5. preexposure
6. discrimination
7. generalization

Question 9

Sequencing

Answer 9

forward or backward

Question 10

Backward conditioning

Answer 10

CS shortly AFTER UCS

Question 11

Intervals

Answer 11

• short delay
• long delay
• trace
• simultaneous

Question 12

Short delay interval

Answer 12

CS shortly BEFORE UCS

Question 13

Long-delay interval

Answer 13

CS BEFORE UCS with longer delay

Question 14

Trace (interval)

Answer 14

US AFTER CS is terminated for a short period

Question 15

Simultaneous

Answer 15

UCS and CS = simultaneously presented

Question 16

Belongingness

Answer 16

extent to which CS is relevant or belongs w UCS

Question 17

Rats conditioned w sickness learn stronger aversion to

Answer 17

taste

Question 18

Rats conditioned w shock learn stronger aversion to

Answer 18

audiovisual stimuli

Question 19

Salience

Answer 19

Stimuli intensity or significance, or noticeability

- learning will occur more rapidly w more salient stimuli

Question 20

preexposure

Answer 20

• previous experience w the UCS

Subjects familiarized w a US before it’s pairing with CS are slower to develop conditioned responding to the CS

Question 21

Discrimination = established thru

Answer 21

selective reinforcement

extinction

Question 22

Experimental neuroses results from

Answer 22

requiring too fine a discrimination

Question 23

extinction in CC

Answer 23

involves repeated presentations of the CS by itself

Question 24

extinction in OC

Answer 24

involves no longer presenting the reinforcer as consequence of the instrumental response

Question 25

Habituation

Answer 25

Decline in responding that occurs w repeated presentation of stimulus
- stimulus specific

Question 26

Mowrer’s Two-factor theory explains avoidance in terms of…

Answer 26

escape from conditioned fear

- Learning instrumental avoidance occurs bc response terminates CS and reduces conditioned fear

Question 27

Two factor theory components

Answer 27

1. CC of fear to CS
   - conditioned fear = source of motivation to learn avoidance
2. Instrumental reinforcement
   - thru fear reduction