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Radiography > exposure and technique errors > Flashcards

exposure and technique errors Flashcards

1
Q

appearance, cause and correction for unexposed film

A
  • appearance: the film appears clear
  • cause: failure to turn on the x-ray machine, electrical failure or malfunction of the x-ray machine
  • correction: make certain the x-ray machine is turned on and listen for the audible exposure signal
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2
Q

appearance, cause and correction for film exposed to light

A
  • appearance: the film appears black
  • cause: the film was exposed to white light
  • correction: do not unwrap in a room with white light, check the darkroom for leaks, and turn off all lights in the darkroom except safelight
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3
Q

appearance, cause and correction for overexposed film

A
  • appearance: film appears dark
  • cause: excessive exposure time, kilovoltage, milliamperage
  • correction: check settings and reduce as needed before exposing film
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4
Q

appearance, cause and correction for underexposed film

A
  • appearance: the film appears light
  • cause: the film was underexposed (results from inadequate exposure time, kilovoltage or milliamperage)
  • correction: check the exposure time, kilovoltage, and milliamperage settings on the x-ray machine before exposing the film
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5
Q

technique errors for periapical films

A
  • film placement problems
  • angulation problems
  • PID alignment problems
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6
Q

technique errors for periapical films: film placement problems

A
  • correct film placement

- incorrect film placement: absence of optical structures, dropped film corner

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7
Q

technique errors for periapical films: angulation problems

A
  • incorrect horizontal angulation

- incorrect vertical angulation

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8
Q

technique errors for periapical films: PID alignment problems

A
  • cone-cut with film holder

- cone-cut without film holder

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9
Q

correct film placement

A
  • each periapical film must be positioned in a certain way to show specific teeth and related anatomic structures
  • the edge of the periapical film must be placed parallel to the incisor or occlusal surfaces of the teeth and extend 1/8th of an inch beyond the incisal or occlusal surfaces
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10
Q

appearance, cause and corrections for absence of apical structures

A
  • appearance: no apices appear on the film
  • cause: the film was not positioned in the patient’s mouth to cover the apical regions of the teeth
  • correction: make certain no more than 1/8th of an inch of the film edge extends beyond the incisal-occlusal surfaces of the film
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11
Q

appearance, cause and corrections of dropped film corner

A
  • appearance: the occlusal plane appears tipped or tilted
  • cause: the edge of the film was not placed parallel to the incisal-occlusal surfaces of the teeth
  • correction: make certain the edge of the film is placed parallel to the incisal-occlusal surfaces of the teeth
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12
Q

appearance, cause and correction for incorrect horizontal angulation

A
  • appearance: overlapped contacts
  • cause: the central ray was not directed through interproximal spaces
  • correction: direct the x-ray beam through interproximal regions
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13
Q

appearance, cause and correction for incorrect vertical angulation: foreshortened images

A
  • appearance: short teeth with blunted roots
  • cause: excessive vertical angulation
  • correction: do not use excessive vertical angulation with the bisecting technique
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14
Q

appearance, cause and correction for incorrect vertical angulation: elongated images

A
  • appearance: long, distorted teeth
  • cause: the vertical angulation was insufficient
  • correction: use adequate vertical angulation with the bisecting technique
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15
Q

appearance, cause and correction for PID alignment problems: cone cut with film holder

A
  • appearance: a clear area appears on the film
  • cause: the PID was not properly aligned with the periapical film holder
  • correction: make certain the x-ray beam is entered over the film
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16
Q

appearance, cause and correction for PID alignment problems: cone cut without film holder

A
  • appearance: a clear area appears on the film
  • cause: the PID was not directed at the centre of the film
  • correction: make certain the x-ray is entered over the film
17
Q

technique errors for bite-wing films:

A
  • film placement problems: correct and incorrect film placement
  • angulation problems: incorrect horizontal angulation, incorrect vertical angulation
  • PID alignment problems: cone-cut with film holder, cone cut without film holder
18
Q

correct film placement for premolar bite-wings

A
  • the resulting film shows both the maxillary and mandibular premolars and distal contact areas of both canines
19
Q

correct film placement for molar bite-wings

A
  • the resulting film shows both the maxillary and mandibular molars
20
Q

appearance, cause and correction for incorrect film placement for premolar bite-wings

A
  • appearance: distal surfaces of the canines are not visible on the film
  • cause: the bite-wing film was positioned too far posteriorly in the mouth
  • correction: make certain the anterior edge of the bite-wing film is positioned at the midline of the mandibular canine
21
Q

appearance, cause and correction for incorrect film placement for molar bite-wings

A
  • appearance: third molar regions are not visible on film
  • cause: the bite-wing film was positioned too far anteriorly in the mouth
  • correction: make certain the anterior edge of the bite-wing film is positioned at the midline of the mandibular second premolar
22
Q

appearance, cause and correction for incorrect horizontal angulation in bite-wings

A
  • appearance: overlapped contacts on the film
  • cause: the central ray was not directed through the interproximal spaces
  • correction: direct the x-ray beam through the interproximal spaces
23
Q

appearance, cause and correction for incorrect vertical angulation is bite-wings

A
  • appearance: images appear distorted on the film
  • cause: the vertical angulation was incorrect
  • correction: always use a +10 degree vertical angulation with the bite wing technique
24
Q

appearance, cause and correction for cone-cut with film holder in bite-wings

A
  • appearance: a clear area appears on the film
  • cause: the PID was not properly aligned with the film holder
  • correction: make certain the PID and the aiming ring are aligned
25
Q

appearance, cause and correction for cone-cut without film holder in bite-wings

A
  • appearance: a clear area appears on the film
  • cause: the PID was not directed at the centre of the film
  • correction: make certain the x-ray beam is entered over the film
26
Q

miscellaneous technique errors:

A
  • film bending
  • film creasing
  • phalangioma
  • double exposure
  • movement
  • reversed film
27
Q

appearance, cause, and correction for film bending

A
  • appearance: images appear stretched, and distorted
  • cause: the film was bent excessively
  • correction: check film placement before exposure
28
Q

appearance, cause and correction for film creasing

A
  • appearance: a thin, radiolucent line appears on the film
  • cause: the film was creased
  • correction: do not bend or crease the film excessively
29
Q

appearance, cause and correction or phalangioma

A
  • appearance: the patient’s finer appears on the film
  • cause: the patient’s finger was positioned in front of the film
  • correction: use film holder
30
Q

appearance, cause and correction for double exposure

A
  • appearance: a double image appears on the film
  • cause: the film was exposed twice in the patient’s mouth
  • correction: always separate exposed and unexposed films
31
Q

appearance, cause and correction for movement

A
  • appearance: blurred images appear on the film
  • cause: the patient moved during exposure of the film
  • correction: instruct the patient to remain still while the film is being exposed
32
Q

appearance, cause and correction for reversed film

A
  • appearance: light images with a herringbone pattern appear on the film
  • cause: the film was placed backward in the mouth and then exposed
  • correction: always place the white side of the film adjacent to the teeth

Radiography (25 decks)

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