Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > export_dementia > Flashcards

export_dementia Flashcards

1
Q

Dementia

A

-Impairment in 2/5 functional domains–memory, emotion, executive, language, visuospatial—that effects activities of daily living ( ADLs) - Distinguished from delirium by lack of fluctuating course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mild Cognitive Impairment

A

-Does not meet dementia criteria bc there was no impairment in function -risk factor for progression to dementia is 15% (10x normal population)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease -Criteria

A

->65 - Abnormal results on cognitive screening and neuropsychological tests - Deficits in >=2 cognitive domains -Progression over time -No disturbances of consciousness -40-90 y/o no other brain disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease-Patho

A

-Extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular tangles of tau protein -Family history: amyloid precursor -Increased risk with more apolioprotein e4 alleles _associated with Downs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dementia w/ Lewy Bodies

A

-Prominent visual hallucinations -Parkinsonianism - Fluctuating concentration and attention * (differentiates from PD) - Same path as Parkinson’s Sleep disturbances and hypotension -A-synuclein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Frontotemporal Dementia

A

3rd most common - behavioral disinhibition, personal hygiene, apathy, or the progressive loss of language function; memory ok; younger age -2 patterns: apathy, abulia, mutism or dish inhibition, poor judgement, and antisocial behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Huntington’s Disease

A

AD -CAG repeats on chromosome 4 -Chorea,dementia, and death in 15 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Huntington’s disease-radiology

A
  • -Boxcar ventricles ( atrophy of caudate head)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Progressie Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

A

-Dementia, rigidity, loss of vertical eye movements, and devastating falls early in disease course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Progressie Supranuclear Palsy-Radiology

A

-Hummingbird sign =atrophy of midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dementia workup

A
  1. Look for reversible modifiable cause ( 10% of its)-BMP, renal function, TSH, serology for syphilis, B12, UA, tox screen, HIV test. 2. Neuroimaging if others unrevealing (MRI in all dementia patients at least once)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Metabolic Causes of Dementia

A

-Na (central pontine myelonosis) -Glucose -Ca2+ (deposits) -Hepatic encepalopathy -Renal Failure -Copper-in basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endocrine causes of Dementia

A

-Thyroid -PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Infectious causes of dementia

A

-Syphilis -HIV-white matter hyper density w.o mass effect -Herpes encephalopathy-hemorrhagic necrosis of inferior frontal and temporal ( asymmetric) -PML-diffuse white matter disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vitamin causes of dementia

A

-B12-dorsal columns; NO -Thiamine-Wernicke’s->atrophied mammillary bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Toxins->dementia

A

Drugs-heroine, CMO Medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

A

-Wet, wobbly, wacky -May be consequence of previous pathology in subarachnoid space (SAH, meningitis) -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus-TX/complications

A

-Shunt - candidates–presence of etiology on imaging, gait difficulties>cognitive imp, substantial improvement with removal of CSF, and lack of atrophy and white matter lesions -May get SDH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vascular Dementia

A

-Step-wise; focal deficits -RF: HTN, DM, smoking, lipids -hippocampus/medial thalamus, caudate nucleus -Often with other dementing processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Limbic/Paraneoplastic Encephalitis

A

-Young -Rapid -Prominent psych symtoms - Ovarian teratomas common in young females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CJD

A

-Rapidly progressive -FATAL-no intervention helps -Prion->spongiform changes -MRI: increased signal in BG and thalamus -Prion disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neuro-psych when…

A

-Help distinguish depression -Differentiate dementias -Helps identify strengths/weaknesses to guide tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

LP, EEG, SPECT/PET

A

Red flags: rapid dementia, IC host, focal neuro/ movement disorders, signs of systemic illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Alzheimer treatment- Early

A

cholinesteraseinhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Charles Bonnet Syndrome

A

-Mentally healthy, significant visual loss - typical hallucinations include small animals and people -Understand hallucinations not real

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ganser syndrome

A

-“syndrome of approximate answers”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Kluver Bucy

A

-Bilateral amygdalae lesion - hypersexuality, plaicidity, hyperphagia/hyperorality, and visual agnosia.

28
Q

Wernike-Korsakoff syndrome

A

-Necrosis of mamillary bodies -From chronic alcohol - def of Thiamine/B1 -Confabulation-making false memories -Changes of mental status from IV glucose

29
Q

Wernike-Korsakoff syndrome-sx

A

ataxia, encephalopathy,eye movement abnormality

30
Q

Transient Global Amnesia

A

-complete/reversible -no tx -migraine phenomenon -emotional event/ sexual activity

31
Q

CJD dx

A

ESP signs like hypokinesia and cerebellar manifestations like nystagmus and ataxia -MRI, LP CSF and look for 14-3-3 and phosphorylated tau. Brain bx =GS

32
Q

Pick’s disease

A

Disinhibition, apathy, language disturbances. < 65 and also memory relatively unaffected More rapid progression

33
Q

Limbic encephalitis

A

Lung but in young females due to ovrin teratomas

34
Q

-Impairment in 2/5 functional domains–memory, emotion, executive, language, visuospatial—that effects activities of daily living ( ADLs) - Distinguished from delirium by lack of fluctuating course

A

Dementia

35
Q

-Does not meet dementia criteria bc there was no impairment in function -risk factor for progression to dementia is 15% (10x normal population)

A

Mild Cognitive Impairment

36
Q

->65 - Abnormal results on cognitive screening and neuropsychological tests - Deficits in >=2 cognitive domains -Progression over time -No disturbances of consciousness -40-90 y/o no other brain disease

A

Alzheimer’s Disease -Criteria

37
Q

-Extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular tangles of tau protein -Family history: amyloid precursor -Increased risk with more apolioprotein e4 alleles _associated with Downs

A

Alzheimer’s Disease-Patho

38
Q

-Prominent visual hallucinations -Parkinsonianism - Fluctuating concentration and attention * (differentiates from PD) - Same path as Parkinson’s Sleep disturbances and hypotension -A-synuclein

A

Dementia w/ Lewy Bodies

39
Q

3rd most common - behavioral disinhibition, personal hygiene, apathy, or the progressive loss of language function; memory ok; younger age -2 patterns: apathy, abulia, mutism or dish inhibition, poor judgement, and antisocial behavior

A

Frontotemporal Dementia

40
Q

AD -CAG repeats on chromosome 4 -Chorea,dementia, and death in 15 yrs

A

Huntington’s Disease

41
Q
  • -Boxcar ventricles ( atrophy of caudate head)
A

Huntington’s disease-radiology

42
Q

-Dementia, rigidity, loss of vertical eye movements, and devastating falls early in disease course

A

Progressie Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

43
Q

-Hummingbird sign =atrophy of midbrain

A

Progressie Supranuclear Palsy-Radiology

44
Q
  1. Look for reversible modifiable cause ( 10% of its)-BMP, renal function, TSH, serology for syphilis, B12, UA, tox screen, HIV test. 2. Neuroimaging if others unrevealing (MRI in all dementia patients at least once)
A

Dementia workup

45
Q

-Na (central pontine myelonosis) -Glucose -Ca2+ (deposits) -Hepatic encepalopathy -Renal Failure -Copper-in basal ganglia

A

Metabolic Causes of Dementia

46
Q

-Thyroid -PTH

A

Endocrine causes of Dementia

47
Q

-Syphilis -HIV-white matter hyper density w.o mass effect -Herpes encephalopathy-hemorrhagic necrosis of inferior frontal and temporal ( asymmetric) -PML-diffuse white matter disease

A

Infectious causes of dementia

48
Q

-B12-dorsal columns; NO -Thiamine-Wernicke’s->atrophied mammillary bodies

A

Vitamin causes of dementia

49
Q

Drugs-heroine, CMO Medications

A

Toxins->dementia

50
Q

-Wet, wobbly, wacky -May be consequence of previous pathology in subarachnoid space (SAH, meningitis) -

A

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

51
Q

-Shunt - candidates–presence of etiology on imaging, gait difficulties>cognitive imp, substantial improvement with removal of CSF, and lack of atrophy and white matter lesions -May get SDH

A

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus-TX/complications

52
Q

-Step-wise; focal deficits -RF: HTN, DM, smoking, lipids -hippocampus/medial thalamus, caudate nucleus -Often with other dementing processes

A

Vascular Dementia

53
Q

-Young -Rapid -Prominent psych symtoms - Ovarian teratomas common in young females

A

Limbic/Paraneoplastic Encephalitis

54
Q

-Rapidly progressive -FATAL-no intervention helps -Prion->spongiform changes -MRI: increased signal in BG and thalamus -Prion disease

A

CJD

55
Q

-Help distinguish depression -Differentiate dementias -Helps identify strengths/weaknesses to guide tx

A

Neuro-psych when…

56
Q

Red flags: rapid dementia, IC host, focal neuro/ movement disorders, signs of systemic illness

A

LP, EEG, SPECT/PET

57
Q

cholinesteraseinhibitors

A

Alzheimer treatment- Early

58
Q

-Mentally healthy, significant visual loss - typical hallucinations include small animals and people -Understand hallucinations not real

A

Charles Bonnet Syndrome

59
Q

-“syndrome of approximate answers”

A

Ganser syndrome

60
Q

-Bilateral amygdalae lesion - hypersexuality, plaicidity, hyperphagia/hyperorality, and visual agnosia.

A

Kluver Bucy

61
Q

-Necrosis of mamillary bodies -From chronic alcohol - def of Thiamine/B1 -Confabulation-making false memories -Changes of mental status from IV glucose

A

Wernike-Korsakoff syndrome

62
Q

ataxia, encephalopathy,eye movement abnormality

A

Wernike-Korsakoff syndrome-sx

63
Q

-complete/reversible -no tx -migraine phenomenon -emotional event/ sexual activity

A

Transient Global Amnesia

64
Q

ESP signs like hypokinesia and cerebellar manifestations like nystagmus and ataxia -MRI, LP CSF and look for 14-3-3 and phosphorylated tau. Brain bx =GS

A

CJD dx

65
Q

Disinhibition, apathy, language disturbances. < 65 and also memory relatively unaffected More rapid progression

A

Pick’s disease

66
Q

Lung but in young females due to ovrin teratomas

A

Limbic encephalitis

Neuro (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions