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Neuro > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Phenytoin

A

Simple, complex; 1st Line for tonic-clonic 1st line prophylaxis for Status ^ Na+ channel inactivation -SE: nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia , hirsuitism, megaloblastic anemia, teratogen (fetal hydantoin), SLE-like syndrome, P-450 induction

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2
Q

Carbamazepine

A

-1st line for simple/complex/tonic clonic -^ Na+ channel inactivation -1st line for Trigeminal neuralgia -Diplopia, ataxia, blood dyscrasias, liver tox, teratogen, cytochrome P-450 induction, SIADH, Steven-Johnson syndrome

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3
Q

Lamotrigine

A

-Simple, complex, TC -Blocks voltage gated Na+ channels -SE: Steven-Johnson syndrome

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4
Q

Gabapentin

A

-Simple, complex, TC -Designed as GABA analog, but primarily inhibits HVA Ca2+ channels - Also peripheral neuropathy, BPD

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5
Q

Topiramate

A

-Simple, complex, TC -Blocks Na+ channels, ^ GABA action -SE: sedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, weight loss

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6
Q

Phenobarbital

A

-Simple, complex, TC -^ GABAa action -1st line in pregnant women, children -SE: Sedation, tolerance, dependence, induction of P-450

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7
Q

Valproic Acid

A

-Simple, complex, Absence; -1st line TC -^ Na+ channel inactivation, ^ GABA concentration -Myoclonic seizures -SE: Gi distress, rare but fatal hepatotoxicity, (measure LFTs), neural tube defects, tremor, weight gain. CI in pregnancy

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8
Q

Ethosuximide

A

-1st line absence -Blocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels -SE: GI distres, fatigue, HA, urticaria, Steven Johnson Syndrome EFGH: Ethosuximide, Fatigue, GI, Head

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9
Q

Benzodiazapines (diazepam/lorazepam)

A

-1st line for acute Status E - ^ GABA action -Also used for eclamptic seizures but first line if MgSO4 -SE: Sedation, tolerance, dependence

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10
Q

Tiagabine

A

-Simple, complex - Inhibit GABA re-uptake

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11
Q

Vigabatrin

A

-Simple, complex -Irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase-> ^ GABA

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12
Q

Levetiracetam (keppra)

A

-Simple, complex, TC - Unknown; may modulate GABA and glutamate release

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13
Q

Barbiturates (phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital)

A

-Facilitate GABAa action by duration of Cl-channel opening thus decreasing neuron firing. -Sedative for anxiety, seizures, insomnia, induction of anesthesia -SE: dependence, additive CNS depression effects with alcohol, resp/cardiac depression (death), cytochrome p-450–> TX overdose with symptom management

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14
Q

Succinylcholine

A

-SE: hyperkalemia, -calcemia - Reversal: Phase I: prolonged depolarization- no antidote; block potentiated by Che inhibitors Phase II: depolarized but blocked ;antidote CHE inhibitors

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15
Q

Tubocurarine, atracurium, mivacurium, pancuronium, vecuronium, rocuronium.

A

-Competitive with ACh receptors -Reverse with neostigmine, endrophonium, and other CHE inhibitors

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16
Q

Parkinson drugs

A

Bromocriptine

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17
Q

L-dopa (levadopa)/ Carbidopa

A

^ Da in brain; L-Dopa crosses and converted by dopa decarboxylase in CNS to DA -For Parkinsonianism - Arrythmias; LT->dyskenesia following admin, akinesia between doses. Carbidopa given to be a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor to increase bioavailability of L-dopa in brain and limit peripheral side effects

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18
Q

Selegiline

A

-Selectively inhibits MAO-B, which preferentially metabolizes DA over NE and 5HT Adjunctive agent to L-Dopa in Parkinson’s -SE: may enhance L-Dopa adverse effects

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19
Q

Memantine

A

-NMDA receptor antagonist; helps prevent excitotoxicity (mediated by ca2+) -SE: dizziness, confusion, hallucinations

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20
Q

Donezapil, galantamine, rivastigmine

A

-Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors -SE: Nausea, dizziness, insomnia

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21
Q

Huntington Drugs

A

-Disease ^ dopamine, dec GABA +Ach -Reserpine +tetrabenazine–amine depleting -Haloperidol- DA receptor antagonist

22
Q

Sumatriptan

A

-5ht ib/id agonist; causes vasoconstriction, inhibition of trigeminal activation and vasoactive peptide release. Half life s angina) mld tingling

23
Q

Epinephrine

A

-Glaucoma drug -a-agonist -Dec aqueous humor synthesis due to vasoconstriction - SE: mydriasis, stinging; do not use in closed-angle glaucoma

24
Q

Timelol, Betaxolol, Carteolol

A

-Glaucoma drug -B-blocker -Dec aqueous humor secretion -SE: no pupillary or visual changes

25
Q

-(direct) pilocarpine/carbachol -(indirect) physostigmine, echothiophate

A

-Cholinomimetics -^ outflow of aqueous humor; contract ciliary mucle and open trabecular meshwork; use pilocarpine in emergencies -Se:Miosis, cyclospasm

26
Q

Sertraline

A

ssri

27
Q

Simple, complex; 1st Line for tonic-clonic 1st line prophylaxis for Status ^ Na+ channel inactivation -SE: nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia , hirsuitism, megaloblastic anemia, teratogen (fetal hydantoin), SLE-like syndrome, P-450 induction

A

Phenytoin

28
Q

-1st line for simple/complex/tonic clonic -^ Na+ channel inactivation -1st line for Trigeminal neuralgia -Diplopia, ataxia, blood dyscrasias, liver tox, teratogen, cytochrome P-450 induction, SIADH, Steven-Johnson syndrome

A

Carbamazepine

29
Q

-Simple, complex, TC -Blocks voltage gated Na+ channels -SE: Steven-Johnson syndrome

A

Lamotrigine

30
Q

-Simple, complex, TC -Designed as GABA analog, but primarily inhibits HVA Ca2+ channels - Also peripheral neuropathy, BPD

A

Gabapentin

31
Q

-Simple, complex, TC -Blocks Na+ channels, ^ GABA action -SE: sedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, weight loss

A

Topiramate

32
Q

-Simple, complex, TC -^ GABAa action -1st line in pregnant women, children -SE: Sedation, tolerance, dependence, induction of P-450

A

Phenobarbital

33
Q

-Simple, complex, Absence; -1st line TC -^ Na+ channel inactivation, ^ GABA concentration -Myoclonic seizures -SE: Gi distress, rare but fatal hepatotoxicity, (measure LFTs), neural tube defects, tremor, weight gain. CI in pregnancy

A

Valproic Acid

34
Q

-1st line absence -Blocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels -SE: GI distres, fatigue, HA, urticaria, Steven Johnson Syndrome EFGH: Ethosuximide, Fatigue, GI, Head

A

Ethosuximide

35
Q

-1st line for acute Status E - ^ GABA action -Also used for eclamptic seizures but first line if MgSO4 -SE: Sedation, tolerance, dependence

A

Benzodiazapines (diazepam/lorazepam)

36
Q

-Simple, complex - Inhibit GABA re-uptake

A

Tiagabine

37
Q

-Simple, complex -Irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase-> ^ GABA

A

Vigabatrin

38
Q

-Simple, complex, TC - Unknown; may modulate GABA and glutamate release

A

Levetiracetam (keppra)

39
Q

-Facilitate GABAa action by duration of Cl-channel opening thus decreasing neuron firing. -Sedative for anxiety, seizures, insomnia, induction of anesthesia -SE: dependence, additive CNS depression effects with alcohol, resp/cardiac depression (death), cytochrome p-450–> TX overdose with symptom management

A

Barbiturates (phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital)

40
Q

-SE: hyperkalemia, -calcemia - Reversal: Phase I: prolonged depolarization- no antidote; block potentiated by Che inhibitors Phase II: depolarized but blocked ;antidote CHE inhibitors

A

Succinylcholine

41
Q

-Competitive with ACh receptors -Reverse with neostigmine, endrophonium, and other CHE inhibitors

A

Tubocurarine, atracurium, mivacurium, pancuronium, vecuronium, rocuronium.

42
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Parkinson drugs

43
Q

^ Da in brain; L-Dopa crosses and converted by dopa decarboxylase in CNS to DA -For Parkinsonianism - Arrythmias; LT->dyskenesia following admin, akinesia between doses. Carbidopa given to be a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor to increase bioavailability of L-dopa in brain and limit peripheral side effects

A

L-dopa (levadopa)/ Carbidopa

44
Q

-Selectively inhibits MAO-B, which preferentially metabolizes DA over NE and 5HT Adjunctive agent to L-Dopa in Parkinson’s -SE: may enhance L-Dopa adverse effects

A

Selegiline

45
Q

-NMDA receptor antagonist; helps prevent excitotoxicity (mediated by ca2+) -SE: dizziness, confusion, hallucinations

A

Memantine

46
Q

-Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors -SE: Nausea, dizziness, insomnia

A

Donezapil, galantamine, rivastigmine

47
Q

-Disease ^ dopamine, dec GABA +Ach -Reserpine +tetrabenazine–amine depleting -Haloperidol- DA receptor antagonist

A

Huntington Drugs

48
Q

-5ht ib/id agonist; causes vasoconstriction, inhibition of trigeminal activation and vasoactive peptide release. Half life s angina) mld tingling

A

Sumatriptan

49
Q

-Glaucoma drug -a-agonist -Dec aqueous humor synthesis due to vasoconstriction - SE: mydriasis, stinging; do not use in closed-angle glaucoma

A

Epinephrine

50
Q

-Glaucoma drug -B-blocker -Dec aqueous humor secretion -SE: no pupillary or visual changes

A

Timelol, Betaxolol, Carteolol

51
Q

-Cholinomimetics -^ outflow of aqueous humor; contract ciliary mucle and open trabecular meshwork; use pilocarpine in emergencies -Se:Miosis, cyclospasm

A

-(direct) pilocarpine/carbachol -(indirect) physostigmine, echothiophate

52
Q

ssri

A

Sertraline

Neuro (12 decks)

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