Explorers Flashcards
Columbian Exchange
The New World introduced their crops, gold and silver to the Old World, and the Old World introduced crops and livestock to the New World. But the Old World also transmitted many diseases to the New World that devastated the Native population. In addition, Africans were introduced as slaves for the New World.
Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 was between Spain and Portugal. Spain secured the land that Columbus had discovered and divided the “heathen lands” of the New World with Portugal. Most of it went to Spain, but Portugal received territory in Africa, Asia, and the land that would soon become Brazil
Encomienda
Meaning “to commend,” this was a technique that allowed the government to give Indians to specific colonists in return for the colonists to try and Christianize them.
Tenochtitlán
The Aztec capital. The sight of Tenochtitlán amazed the Spaniards because it was huge and had extraordinary beauty. The Spanish wanted it for themselves and attempted to conquer it, but failed in doing so.
Noche triste
Meaning the sad night; on June 30, 1520, the Spanish were attacked by the Aztecs and forced into a bloody retreat from Tenochtitlán.
Mestizos
A new race of people with both Indian and European heritage.
Conquistadores
Spanish conquerors that voyaged to many areas
Battle of Acoma
In 1599, the Spanish cruelly abused the Pueblo peoples and severed one foot of each survivor. The Spanish proclaimed the area in 1609 to be the province of New Mexico and founded its capital at Santa Fe in 1610.
Pope’s Rebellion
An Indian uprising in 1680 where Pueblo rebels destroyed every Catholic Church in the province. They killed many priests and Spanish settlers.
Black Legend
A false concept that said the conquerors merely tortured and butchered Indians, stole their gold, infected them with smallpox, and left misery behind.
Columbus
Columbian exchange, responsible for genocide of Taino people, ships: Santa Maria, pinta, Nina, Aug 3 1492 he leaves from Spain, oct 12 1492 he arrives in Bahamas, explored Caribbean area, opened door for westward expansion, made his journey 3 times
Cortes
Responsible for mestizos cuz of his men he brought, defeats montezuma, conquers Aztec empire, creates Mexico City and new Spain, wanted to sail for adventure and wealth
John Cabot
Sponsored by king Henry vii, changed European understanding of shape of the world, wanted to find northwest passage
Juan Ponce de León
Sponsored by queen of Spain, wanted to find gold, founded florida
Jaqués cartier
1534-1541, sponsored by king of France, wanted to find gold and spices, discovered gulf of Saint Lawrence and Saint Lawrence river after three voyages to Canada, wanted to find northwest passage
