Explaining female crime

Question 1

Offending rate

Answer 1

lower rate than males

Question 2

differences in socialisation

Answer 2

boys are encouraged to be rough and aggressive which means that they are more likely to commit acts of violence or take advantage of criminal opportunities

Question 3

Parsons - gender roles - men

Answer 3

instrumental
breadwinner
outside the home

Question 4

Parsons - gender roles - women

Answer 4

expressive
homemaker
inside the home

Question 5

Role models

Answer 5

boys reject feminine role models of behaviour who show gentleness and emotion which causes them to engage in compensatory compulsorary masculinity

Question 6

Compensatory compulsorary masculinity

Answer 6

aggressive anti-social behaviour which can overlap with acts of deliquency

Question 7

Socialising role of men

Answer 7

men have less of a socialising role so lack of adult male role model within the home

Question 8

Ak Cohen

Answer 8

lack of adult role model means boys are more likely to turn to all male street gangs as a source of masculine identity

Question 9

New Right theorists

Answer 9

lack of adult male role model in lone parent families leads to boys turning to criminal street gangs

Question 10

Criticism - Walklate

Answer 10

Parsons assumes because women have the capacity to bear children, they are best suited to the expressive role

Question 11

Heidensohn - Patriarchal control

Answer 11

patriarchal control imposes greater control over women which reduces their opportunity to offend

Question 12

Control within the home

Answer 12

the womens domestic role of housework and childcare imposes restrictions on their time and movement which means they are confined to the house and have reduced opportunties to offend

Question 13

Rejection of domestic role

Answer 13

women who reject the domestic role are likely to have partners who seek to impose it through domestic violence

Question 14

Daughters

Answer 14

less likely to be allowed out or to come and go - develop a bedroom culture and have less opportunity for deviant acts

Question 15

Control in public

Answer 15

women are controlled by the threat or fear of male violence which is overemphasied by sensationalised and distorted media

Question 16

Respectable

Answer 16

women fear not being defined as respectable
inappropriate dress make up and demeanor can lead them to gain a reputation

Question 17

Control at work

Answer 17

male supervisors and managers
subordinate position reduces opportunity to engage in major criminal activity at work e.g. fraud

Question 18

Patriarchy increasing female crime

Answer 18

females are more likely to be poor - may turn to theft or prostitution to have a standard of living

Question 19

Carlen study

Answer 19

unstructured tape recorded interviews of 39 15-46 year olds

Question 20

W/c women

Answer 20

generally led to conform through the promise of two types of rewards
if rewards are not available crime is more likely

Question 21

Class deal

Answer 21

women who work will be offered material rewards

Question 22

Gender deal

Answer 22

patriarchal ideology promises women material and emotional rewards from family life

Question 23

class deal - women in study

Answer 23

the women failed to find legitimate ways of earning a living
32 in poverty
qualificatioins in jail were helpless
used crime to escape poverty

Question 24

gender deal - women in study

Answer 24

the women saw many disadvantages of family life
many had experienced abuse, grew up in the care system or were homeless