expertise talent

Question 1

What is a talent?

Answer 1

natual endowment of a person / natural skill

Question 2

what are galton’s central claims

Answer 2

1. hereditary factors determine the limit of attainable expertise and intelligence
2. you max abilitities and intelligence are inherited
3. this limit cannot be exceeded

Question 3

what are the impications for society is Galton’s claims are true

Answer 3

1. planning marriages based on traits (eugenics)
2. that your outcomes in life are a result of your heredity
3. “social darwinism” was popular because him - higher wealth indicates good genetics

Question 4

What is citicism 1 of these claims

Answer 4

performance is improving faster than possible through evolution
eg: world records today are increasingly better
evolution alone would lead to only gradual improvement
marathon, jazz, violin

Question 5

critism 2

Answer 5

peak performance is rare

Question 6

critism 3

Answer 6

ignores or downplay influence of environment
his work only looked at weathier families and neglected the influence of nepotism

Question 7

critism 4

Answer 7

sucess of talent identification in sport is low
- small percent of athletes

Question 8

the hunter college study subotnik

Answer 8

RQ: do children who are talented go on to be experts
M: Kidergarden k-6
top 0.1% children
follow up with 200 with surveys and interviews
R: sucessfull overall but no superstars or extrordiary people
- sucess due to money?
talent did not gaurentee success

Question 9

development of talent project

Answer 9

were top experts talented when younger?
m: 120 peak performers interviewed about their childhood and how they became experts
R: no exceptional kids but found exceptional conditions
experts showed no signs of talent
r2: kids were supported and encouraged of skills and nurtured and had teachers and mentors and challenging but achievable expectations
- later expertise was not preced by talent

Question 10

the opposite view all practice

Answer 10

expertise comes from attention to detail and practice

Question 11

Musicians and practice

Answer 11

rq:what is the difference between novice, amateur, mid level an expert musicians
significantly more practice by experts
practice is highly predictive of performance

Question 12

what is deliberate practice?

Answer 12

• unlike regular practice it is purposeful and systematic
  -aimed at improving just a small portion of performance at one time

Question 13

how do you do deliberate practice?

Answer 13

1. identify parts of the task
2. highlight weaknesses
3. focus on one weakness and how to improve
4. recombine into overall task performance

Question 14

example of deliberate practice?

Answer 14

learning guitar you might play one section at a time

Question 15

difficulties of deliberate practice?

Answer 15

dont like and hard - avoid
we avoid practicing if we dont have too

Question 16

difficulties with practice : muscicians

Answer 16

practicing alone with a teach is most importance
- solo performance had the most effort

Question 17

small wins for talent

Answer 17

height and body size can impact performance
gene related speed and post exercise recovery
perfect pitch must be taught prior to age 4-6

Question 18

ballet dacers

Answer 18

40% correlation between practice and expertise
- other factors at play though - maybe talent-

Question 19

Nature vs nurture

Answer 19

there seems to be some room for talent but majority of performnace is determined by practice evirorment
- talent is unreliable - top 1%
higher quality and more frequent = more expertise
some people may need more or less practice for the same outcomes

Question 20

more studies on expertise: chess

Answer 20

study chess will make you smarter?
do masters have better memory than novice
actual vs random : masters loose ability
memory skill in chess does not transfer outside of chess

Question 21

study over the hill

Answer 21

is there an age that cognitive decline starts to occur in professionals
after age 24 no matter what you start to get slower
although slower, olderplayers made better use of shortcuts and map awareness to compensate
just because you are starting older does not mean you won’t reach a high level of expertise