experimental skills

Question 1

when can’t you take propranolol

Answer 1

when heart rate above 70bpm
history of asthma or breathing problems
personal or family history of heart problems

Question 2

contra-indications of propranolol

Answer 2

asthma, 
pregnancy, 
diabetes
liver disease
hypersensitivity

Question 3

single dose of propranolol

Answer 3

40mg

Question 4

effects of propranolol

Answer 4

small reduction in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure
feeling of tiredness and reduced ability to perform exercise

Question 5

side effects of propranolol

Answer 5

bradycardia, 
hypotension, 
bronchospasm
peripheral vasoconstriction
sleep disturbances

Question 6

contraindications of salbutamol

Answer 6

hypertension or heart disease
diabetes
pregnancy
hyperthyroidism
-->cannot take if on diuretics, corticosteroids or theophylline

Question 7

effects of salbutamol

Answer 7

flushing of face
hand tremor
rise in systolic pressure and fall in diastolic blood pressure
small tachycardia- may have palpitations

Question 8

side effects of salbutamol

Answer 8

fine tremor
headache
peripheral vasodilation
tachycardia and palpitations

Question 9

when can you take glyceryl trinitrate

Answer 9

have to have blood pressure greater than 100/60

Question 10

contraindication of GTN

Answer 10

hypotension
anaemia
glaucoma
hypothyroidism
pregnancy

Question 11

effects of GTN

Answer 11

flushing of face
fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure
small tachycardia and palpitations
headache

Question 12

side effects of GTN

Answer 12

headache
flushing
dizziness
tachycardia

Question 13

agonist

Answer 13

drug that once binds produces a similar response to an endogenous ligand

Question 14

antagonist

Answer 14

decrease the response of an agonist or biological ligand

Question 15

agonist for beta 1 receptor

Answer 15

cardiac
noradrenaline
adrenaline
isoprenaline

Question 16

antagonist for beta 1 receptor

Answer 16

propranolol

Question 17

agonist for beta 2 receptor

Answer 17

trachea smooth muscle
noradrenaline
adrenaline
isoprenaline

Question 18

antagonist for beta 2 receptor

Answer 18

propranolol

Question 19

agonists for vans deferens and aortic smooth muscle

Answer 19

noradrenaline, adrenaline
alpha1- phenylephrine
alpha2- clonidine

Question 20

antagonists for vans deferens and aortic smooth muscle

Answer 20

alpha 1- prazosin

alpha 2- yohimbine

Question 21

illeal smooth muscle agonist

Answer 21

muscarinic receptors

carbachol

Question 22

antagonist for illeal smooth muscle

Answer 22

atropine

Question 23

accommodation

Answer 23

changing shape of lens depending on near/far objects to focus image on retina

Question 24

bone conduction

Answer 24

tuning fork held to subjects skull, sound can reach the cochlea independently of the middle ear

Question 25

conductive deafness

Answer 25

subject will be deaf to ordinary air conduction but shows no deafness to bone conduction
due to disease in middle ear interfering with transmission of sound

Question 26

sensorineural deafness

Answer 26

subject is dead to both air and bone conduction

dut to injury or degeneration of nerve elements on cochlea or auditory nerve

Question 27

causes of conductive deafness

Answer 27

middle ear infections- serous ottis media
damage to ossicles
thickening of perforation of tympanic membrane
otosclerosis (ossicle immobile due to growth of bone)

Question 28

causes of sensorineural deafness

Answer 28

acoustic neuroma- benign tumour of auditory nerve
toxic degeneration of auditory nerve
acoustic trauma
viral infections of inner ear or auditory nerve
meningitis