Experiment 8 Flashcards
Polymers of nucleotides
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide comprises a ____ , a ____ , and a ____ group
nitrogenous base ; pentose ; phosphate
The ___ is bonded to the pentose via ____ at carbon 1
Nitrogenouse base ; N-glycosidic bond
The ___ is bonded to the pentose via ____ through the ____ at carbon 3 and 5
Phosphate ; ester bond ; -OH group
Individual nucleotides are bound with ___ between carbons ___ and ___
phosphodiester bonds ; 3 ; 5
Nucleic Acids can be ___ and ___
Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) ; Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Structurally, in nucleic acid, DNA differs from RNA because DNA is ____ , which RNA is ____
double-stranded ; single stranded
The nitrogenous bases can be bicyclic ____ , specifically ___ and ___ ;
or monocyclic ____, like ____ (For DNA only), ____ and ___ (For RNA only)
purines ; adenine ; guanine ;
pyrimidines ; thymine ; cytosine ; uracil
The pentose can be ___ and ___
ribose ; deoxyribose
DNA contains ____
deoxyribose
RNA contains ____
ribose
From its name, nucleic acids have ____
acidic character
The acidity of nucleic acids is caused by the ____ , each contains ____ capable of ___
phosphate residues ; H+ ; dissociation
Nucleic acids are ___ - carrier of many negative charges, and makes them capable of interacting with ___ , particularly with _____ (histones) - which are carrier of positive charges
polyAnIons ‘ polyCatIons ; alkaline proteins
RNA, like all nucleic acids, is a ____
polyanion
RNA in alkaline environment, form ____ called ____ , which are ____ in water. They can be precipitated from the solution with _____
salts ; nucleates ; soluble ; ethanol
What are the solvents used for the Solubility of YEAST RNA
Water, 95% Ethanol, diluted HCI solution, diluted NaOH solution
Like any other macromolecules, nucleic acids can also undergo ____
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is the breakdown of large molecules into smaller fragments when reacted to water in the presence of ____ , such as ____ or ____
catalysts ; enzymes ; acids
The first stage of nucleic acid hydrolysis is its breakdown into ____
nucleotides
The nucleotides are further broken down into its corresponding components, namely the ____ , ____ , and ____ residues
nitrogenous bases ; pentose ; phosphate
The mixture obtained after hydrolysis is called _____
hydrolysate
What are the solvents used for HYDROLYSIS OF DNA and RNA
RNA: yeast RNA, 10% H2SO4
DNA: yeast DNA, 10% H2SO4
If acid hydrolysis was successfully done, it is safe to assume that the hydrolysate contains free form of ____
nucleotide’s components
What are the CHEMICAL TESTS FOR THE COMPONENTS OF NUCLEOTIDES
> Test for Purine (Nitrogenous Base)
Test for Pentose (Molisch Test, Bial’s Test)
Test for Phosphate
> What are the reagents used for Test for Purine (Nitrogenous Base)
> What is its positive formation ___ , which is an insoluble complex of ___ and ___
> Hydrolysates from DNA and RNA
Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate solution
NH4OH
> white precipitate ; silver ion ; purines
> What are the reagents used for Molisch Test
> What is its positive formation ___ , in the junction between _____
> Hydrolysates from DNA and RNA
Molisch Reagent
Concentrated H2SO4
> Appearance of Purple Ring ; 2 liquids
> What are the reagents used for Bial’s Test
> What is its positive formation
> Hydrolysates from DNA and RNA
Bial’s Reagent
> Bluish Green color
> What are the reagents used for Test for Phosphate
> What is its positive formation
> Hydrolysates from DNA and RNA
NH4OH solution
10% HNO3
0.2 ammonium molybdate solution
> Yellow precipitate
PERFECT THE EXAM!!
Noted.
