Experiment 7 and 8 Flashcards
Esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols
Lipids
Building block of lipids
Fatty acids
Lipids are defined as ____ organic compound insoluble to ____ solvents, but soluble in ____ solvents
(Eg: Ether, Chloroform, Benzene, Acetone)
non-polar ; polar ; organic
It represents in cell structure and has a structural function in the cell (presents in all cell membranes)
Biological Role of Lipids
An essential source of energy, reservoir of energy
Biological Role of Lipids
esters of fatty acids with glycerols (eg: fats and waxes)
Simple Lipids
____ the simplest and most common fat which is a form in which lipids are stored in the cell.
Also known as ____
Triacylglycerol (TAG) ; neutral fat
Lipids that are linking with the other compounds such as proteolipids, phospholipids, and glycolipids.
Compound Lipids
_______ It contains glycerol, fatty acid, Nitrogenous base, and phosphoric acid.
Also known as ____
Compound Lipids ; conjugated lipids
They are substances that are soluble in lipid or derived from above groups of lipids by hydrolysis.
(Eg: Cholesterol, Sphingosine, Glycerophosphatides)
Derived Lipids
___ - Structurally defines as triester of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
____ and ____ - What are the mixture of this
Triacylglycerol ; fats ; oils
Tell me if miscible or immiscible
Water + Coconut Oil = ____
Chloroform + Coconut Oil = ____
Tell me if soluble or insoluble
Water + Cholesterol = _________
Chloroform + Cholesterol = ________
immiscible ; miscible
insoluble ; soluble
Tell me if translucent or not
Coconut Oil = ____
Glycerol = ____
Ethanol = ____
Ether = _____
(NOTE: Translucent = non-volatile)
translucent (non-volatile)
translucent (non-volatile)
not (volatile)
not (volatile)
Used to detect the presence of glycerol or fat
Acrolein Test
Tell me the color of PPT and its odor
Coconut Oil = ______
Glycerol = ______
black ppt (burnt fat)
no ppt (burnt fat)
When fat is treated STRONGLY in the presence of dehydrating agent like _____ , the glycerol portion of the molecule is dehydrated to form an _____ aldehyde, acrolein that has a pungent ____ oder
Potassium Bisulfate (KHSO4) ; unsaturated ; irritating
_________ to determine the iodine value of fats and oils and thus estimate the unsaturation of fats and oils
Test for Unsaturation (Iodine number)
The higher the iodine number, the ____ unsaturated fatty acids bonds are present in a FAT
more
The unsaturation is in a form of ______ which react with iodine components
double bonds
Tell me its positive color for Iodine Number
Coconut Oil = ________
Oilive Oil = ________
CottonSeed Oil = ________
- Dark Orange (less unsaturated)
- Orange to brown
- Light Orange to colorless (highly unsaturated)
Test for rancidity causes ____ oil to be acidic compared to fresh oils
rancid
Tell me the color of litmus paper and its inference
Fresh coconut Oil =
Rancid Coconut Oil =
Red-Red ; Blue-blue (neutral)
Blue-Red ; Red-Red (acidic)
For Salkowski’s Test, its color is from ___ to ___ indicating the presence of ____
yellow ; brick red color ; cholesterol
For Salkowski’s Test, there may be red color in the upper layer (_____) ; and green fluorescence in the lower layer due to the HEAVIER _____ setting
Chloroform ; sulfuric acid
Liebermann Burchard Test gives ___ color in the presence of ____. The color is due to the ___ group of cholesterol and the ____ found in the ADJACENT FUSED ____
green ; cholesterol ; OH ; unsaturation ; RING
In Liebermann Burchard Test, the color change is ____. First, it appears as a ____ coloration, changing later to ___ , and finally to deep green
gradual ; pink ; lilac
ETHER dissolves ____ from the food and can be isolated from the sample.
ETHER is an ideal solvent as it is easy to remove via _____
fat ; evaporation
The MORE unsaturated a fat or oil is, the ____ viscous it is due to LESSER INTERMOLECULAR ATTRACTIONS between molecules
less
Tell me if its viscousity and color
Potato Chips = _________
Peanut Oil = _________
VERY VISCOUS (brown-dark/brown)
LESS VISCOUS (light brown-colorless)
- Yeast RNA is ____ in dil. HCl because of its ____ resistant
Yeast RNA is ____ in ethanol because of its ____ dielectric
Yeast RNA is ____ in dil. NAOH because of its ____ base. This leads to formation of ____ charged species which interacts with water molecules through ______ interaction
insoluble; highly
insoluble ; low
soluble ; strong ; negatively ; ion-dipole
Basic Steps in DNA Extraction (IN ORDER)
1. Mashing or Grinding
the LARGER the surface area, the _____ the extraction procedure
M- L - AS - AC - I
FASTER
Basic Steps in DNA Extraction (IN ORDER)
2. Lysis of Cells
membrane lipids are removed in the sample by adding a _____
M- L - AS - AC - I
detergent
Basic Steps in DNA Extraction (IN ORDER)
3. Addition of saline solution
saline solution helps the DNA strands to ___ to each other and also causes proteins and carbohydrates to _________
M- L - AS - AC - I
stick ; precipitate
Basic Steps in DNA Extraction (IN ORDER)
4. Addition of cold alcohol
DNA is ____ to alcohols, usually with ethanol or isopropanol. Draws water molecule ____ from DNA, causing it to collapse and precipitate
M- L - AS - AC - I
insoluble ; away
Basic Steps in DNA Extraction (IN ORDER)
5. Isolate the DNA from the solution
the isolated DNA appears like a ________
M- L - AS - AC - I
white muccos
PURINES
with Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate Solution + NH4OH
White PPT
PENTOSES
with a-naphthol in ethanol + conc. Sulfuric Acid
Violet Ring
PENTOSES
with Orcinol + conc. HCl + 10% FeCl3
Bluish-green solution
PHOSPHATES
with 10% HNO3 + ammonium molybdate
Yellow PPT
PERFECT THE EXAM!!
Noted.
