Experiment 7 Flashcards
A diverse group of naturally occurring organic compounds
Lipid
Lipids are grouped together because of their evident insolubility in ___ and ___ , but high solubility in ____
water ; polar solvents ; non-polar solvents
Most encountered lipids
Triacylglycerols
Triacylglycerols structurally defined as ____ of glycerol and _______ fatty acids
TriEster ; 3
Triacylglycerols contain 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol molecular covalently by _____
Condensation reaction
They are mixture of triacylglycerol
Fats and Oils
Most noticeable difference between fats and oils
Physical State at Room Temperature
They are solid at room temperature
Fats
They are liquid at room temperature
Oils
Fats are rich in saturated fatty acids that have ___ in the structure
no bends
Oils are rich in unsaturated fatty acids that have ___ in the structure
a lot of bends
(causing disturbances in the forces of attraction between each molecule)
OTHER most encountered lipid
Cholesterol
Without cholesterol, this wouldn’t be possible
Life
Cholesterol has a lot of physiological functions such as being the ___ , ___, and ___
precursor of bile salts ; steroid hormones ; vitamin D
Cholesterol are classified as ____
steroids
Steroids are any molecules containing a ____ (no. of rings)
4-ring nucleus
The possibility of forming a solution between liquid solute and a liquid solvent
Miscibility
The possibility of forming a solution between solid solute and liquid solvent
Solubility
What are the GENERAL TESTS FOR TRIACYLGLYCEROLS use for recognizing the presence of fats or oils in substances based on its physical or chemical property of their components
Spot Test and Acrolein Test
Triacylglycerol compromise ___ glycerol and ___ fatty acids
1 ; 3
___ Simplest test for the presence of fats and oils which is based on the fact that fats and oils leave a ____ spot on papers
Spot Test ; translucent
Spot test leave a translucent spot on papers because triacylglycerol are ____ due to the fact that they contain ____ molecular weight fatty acids
non-volatile ; high
___ General test for the presence of fats and oils, used to determine the presence of _____ in their molecules
Acrolein Test ; glycerol
Acrolein test is done by heating ____ and ___ with ___
fats ; oils ; dehydrating agent
(Acrolein Test) Dehydrating agent such as ____ , which dehydrates the glycerol backbone into a _____
potassium bisulfate (KHSO4) ; unsaturated aldehyde
Acrolein has a characteristic pungent odor of ____
burnt fat
What are the CHEMICAL TESTS FOR TRIACYLGLYCEROLS that attempts to identify some functional groups in triacylglycerol and some of its properties when mixed or reacted with other substances
Test for Unsaturation and Test for Rancidity
Saturated fatty acids are fatty acids with _______ double bond in its structure
no carbon-carbon
Unsaturated fatty acids are fatty acids with _______ double bond in its structure
at least ONE carbon-carbon
What test is used for Unsaturation
Iodine Number
Iodine number is based on the principle that carbon-carbon double bonds undergo ______ with ___ such as ____
addition reaction ; halides ; iodine
(Iodine number) The color of halide will ______
slowly disappear
(Iodine number) The degree of decolorization is ____ to the number of double bonds present in a triacylglycerol, therefore to its degree of ____
proportional ; unsaturation
____ The development of unpleasant smell in fats and oils, often accompanied by changes in their ___ and ___.
Rancidity ; texture ; appearance
(Test for Rancidity) There are 2 chemical reactions that cause this to happen (unpleasant smell)
Hydrolysis and Oxidation
Liberates free fatty acids
Hydrolysis
____ Oxidizes carbon-carbon double bonds into volatile ___ and ____
Oxidation ; aldehydes ; ketones
The test for rancidity is as simple as determining whether an oil or fat sample is ___ and ___
acidic ; not acidic
What are the GENERAL TESTS FOR CHOLESTEROL that are used to determine Quantitatively or Qualitatively the presence of cholesterol in samples
Salkowski’s Test and Liebermann-Burchard Test
____ A qualitative test for the presence of cholesterol by adding ____ in a cholesterol solution
Salkowski’s Test ; Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
___ A quantitative test for the presence of cholesterol by adding ____ and ____ in a cholesterol solution
Liebermann-Burchard Test ; acetic anhydride ; concentrated sulfuric acid
(EXTRACTION OF FATS FROM FOOD) In dietary context, fats refers to ___ and ___ present in food. However for this experiment, fats refers to ___ in food, might be fats and oils.
fats ; oils ; dietary triacylglycerols
(EXTRACTION OF FATS FROM FOOD)
Like all types of lipids, triacylglycerol are ___ and are therefore, ____ in polar solvents, such as ___, and ___ in non-polar solvents, such as ___
non-polar ; insoluble ; water ; soluble ; ether
(EXTRACTION OF FATS FROM FOOD)
The non-polar property of your fats can be ___ in the procedure for its extraction from food
exploited
(EXTRACTION OF FATS FROM FOOD)
Most of the macromolecules in foods, such as your ____ and ____ are all ____
carbohydrates ; proteins ; polar
(EXTRACTION OF FATS FROM FOOD)
To separate fats from the other macromolecules, we can use the technique known as _____
Solvent Extraction
The process in which compounds are separated based on their relative solubility
Solvent Extraction
Solvent extraction is done by extracting crushed food sample with a ____ solvent, allowing for the dissolution of fats into the solvent, leaving the ___ BEHIND.
non-polar ; macromolecules
(EXTRACTION OF FATS FROM FOOD)
The mixture of solvent and extracted fats is filtered out, and solvent is removed by ____
Evaporation
PERFECT THE EXAM!!
Noted.
