Exp For Forgetting - Retrieval Failure

Question 1

Cues are

Answer 1

Things that serve as reminders for information. This could be the smell, the room or the environment that you were in

Question 2

Retrieval failure is

Answer 2

A form of forgetting which happens in the absence of cues. The memory is still available but not accessible unless the suitable cue is provided.

Question 3

What is the encoding specificity principle

Answer 3

Tulving
The theory states that the cues to help us remember information must be there at the time of encoding and at retrieval
-If the cues aren’t there at the time of retrieval then forgetting will happen
-These can be either the environmental context (context dependant forgetting) or the emotional state at the time (state dependant forgetting)

Question 4

Context dependant forgetting is

Answer 4

External cues which create context for the time of encoding (environmental)

Question 5

State dependant forgetting is

Answer 5

Internal cues which recreate the state of mind at the time of encoding

Question 6

AO1 context dependant forgetting

Answer 6

Godden and Baddeley
Scuba divers learnt a list of words either on land or in the sea and then asked to recall them in the 4 conditions
-learn on land recall underwater
-learn underwater recall on land
-learn on land recall on land
-learn underwater recall underwater
-recall of non matching conditions was 40% lower

Question 7

AO1 state dependant forgetting

Answer 7

Carter and Cassidy
An antihistamine drug was given to some participant having a drowsy effect
-learn on drug recall on drug
-learn without drug recall without drug
-learn without drug recall on drug
-learn with drug recall with drug
Mismatched conditions had significantly lower recall