EXP #1 | Carbohydrates Flashcards
Are the most abundant biomolecule in nature
Carbohydrates
In plants, carbohydrates serves two purposes:
(1) Provides __________ in stems and roots in the form of __________
(2) Acts as a __________ in the form of __________ for the production of biochemical energy
(1) structural integrity; cellulose
(2) storage of glucose; starch
In humans, carbohydates provide energy for cells through __________ of __________
oxidation of monosaccharides
Carbohydates are a part of the structural framework of __________
nucleotides
Carbohydates act as messengers in __________ and __________
cell communication; cell recognition
Structurally, carbohydrates are ___________
polyhydroxylated aldehydes or ketones
Carbohydrates are molecules that yield polyhydroxylated aldehydes or ketones upon __________
hydrolysis
The simplest type among the carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Cabohydrates can be classified based on the following:
(1) type of __________ present (__________)
(2) based on the __________ present in its open chain structure (__________)
(1) carbonyl group; aldose or ketose
(2) number of carbons; 3C-triose, 4C-tetrose, 5C-pentose, 6C-hexose
Monosaccharides can form (1) __________ with one another to form more (2) __________ carbohydrates
(1) glycosidic linkages
(2) structurally and biochemically complex
Examples of complex carbohydrates
monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides
The functional groups found in carbohydrates:
(1) __________
(2) __________
(1) carbonyl group (as aldehyde or ketone)
(2) hydroxyl group
The functional groups of carbohydrates are (1) __________, while the presence of hydroxyl groups allow carbohydrates to observe (2) __________.
(1) polar
(2) intermolecular hydrogen bonding
The polarity and intermolecular hydrogen bonding of carbohydrates give them __________ and __________
high boiling and melting points
Carbohydrates are generally soluble in __________ such as __________
polar solvents; water
The presence of different and multiple (1) __________ makes carbohydrates undergo different (2) ___________
(1) functional groups
(2) chemical reactions
The Molisch test is a test for __________
carbohydrates
The presense of a __________ is the positive result for the Molisch test
purple ring
The Iodine test is a test for __________
certain polysaccharides (i.e. starch & glycogen)
The presence of a __________ is the positive result for the Iodine test
blue/purple solution
The Benedict’s test is a test for __________
reducing sugars (i.e. glucose and lactose)
The presence of __________ is the positive result for the Benedict’s test
red precipitate
The Barfoed’s test is a test for __________
mono-disaccharides
The presence of __________ is the positive result for the Barfoed’s test
red precipitate
