Exotics Flashcards
Which drugs are licensed in the UK for exotics?
HVD and myxomatosis vaccines for rabbits, cyromazine for fly strike in rabbits, gentamicin and fusidic acid eye drops for rabbits, fentanyl/fluanisone for small mammal anaesthesia, isoflurane for exotic animal anaesthesia, enrofloxacin for infections in all exotic animals.
What is the analgesia of choice in birds?
Kappara receptors - butorphanol. NSAIDS
What is the analgesic of choice in small mammals?
Buprenorphine, tramadol at home. NSAIDS
Analgesic of choice in reptiles?
Butorphanol/morphine. NSAIDS
What is the spectrum of activity of enrofloxacin?
Aerobic bacteria only.
What are the most common type of bacteria in reptile and bird infections?
Gram negative aerobes. up to 50% have anaerobic bacteria involved.
Which animals should not be given fenbendazole?
Overdose in reptiles and birds leads to radiomimetic lesions (pancytopenia, GI haemorrhage) at normal dosages stress bars will occur on growing feathers.
Which animals should not be given IVERMECTIN?
Chelonians - can enter CNS and lead to depression and death
Which animals should you use metronidazole with caution?
Causes nervous signs if overdosed in birds and indigo snakes can only tolerate lower dosages.
Which animals is fipronil contraindicated in?
Rabbits
Which animals should itraconazole not be used in?
Grey parrots (or a lower dose) - causes an idiosyncratic reaction in grey parrots.
What species does encephalitozoon cuniculi affect?
Rabbits
What should you feed hedgehogs?
cat food or proprietary hedgehog diet
What is haemoproteus?
The protozoa are intracellular parasites that infect the erythrocytes. They are transmitted by blood sucking insects including mosquitoes, biting midges (Culicoides), louse flies (Hippoboscidae) and tabanid flies (Tabanidae). Infection with this genus is sometimes known as pseudomalaria because of the parasites’ similarities with Plasmodium species.
What is amidostomum spp?
A gizzard worm that affects birds
How long should snakes be starved for prior to anaesthesia?
48 hours minimum
How long should lizards and chelonians be starved for prior to anaesthesia?
24 hrs
How long should passerines and small psittacines be starved for?
Just long enough to empty the crop. they have a high metabolic rate so may require assisted feeding once awake. in larger psittacines can do 4 hours.
How long should you starve myomorphic rodents before surgery
dont starve. high metabolic rate & no vomiting.
How long should you starve hystricomorphic rodents?
1-2 hrs to ensure a clear pharynx
How long should you starve rabbits before anaesthesia?
don’t need starved - remove food immediately after premed.
How long should you starve ferrets before anaesthesia?
4-6 hours.
What water parameters should be tested from an aqaurium?
Temperature (at home), salinity, pH, chlorine/chloramines and nitrogenous compounds.
What is the optimum pH for pet fish?
The majority can be kept within a range of 6-8. A high pH may indicate elevated levels of ammonia and a low pH chlorine from tap water.