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Sport > Exersice Physiology > Flashcards

Exersice Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are chronic adaptions

A

Long term changes result in response to continuous exercise in the form of training, therefore during and after exercise

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2
Q

Describe an acute response to heart rate

A

There is an increased demand for fuels and oxygen by working muscles. As a result, the heart needs to be pump faster and/ or harder in order to increase the supply of blood and the elements it carries to working muscles as well as increasing waste removal

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3
Q

What are acute responses

A

Immediate/short term responses to exercise occur after the body has ceased exercise.

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4
Q

What is resistance training?

A

Introduces a series of exercises where each one focuses on a specific muscle group. By providing a resistance to the muscle, we attempt to improve muscle power and strengh.

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5
Q

What are the three muscle contractions

A

Isotonic
Isometric
Isokinetic

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6
Q

What is isotonic contractions

A

It is a movement contraction. Where the length of the muscle changes at a constant load.
Concentric- when the muscle shortens.
Eccentric- when the muscle lengthens.
Eg. Bicep curl

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7
Q

Isometric contractions

A

Non movement contraction. When the muscle attempts to change length but cannot overcome resistance. Eg. Pushing against a wall

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8
Q

Isokinetic contractions

A

Specific movement contraction using specialised equipment. A contraction in which the muscle shortens with varying tension while lifting a constant load, so that muscle strength remains even throughout the movement. Eg. RPM bike

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9
Q

What is interval training?

A

Alternating fixed periods of exercise and fixed periods of rest. Eg. 100m sprint.

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10
Q

What are some major considerations when it comes to interval training?

A
  • intensity of each interval
  • duration or distance of each interval
  • number of repetitions
  • length if rest
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11
Q

Name two benefits of interval training?

A
  • specific energy systems
  • training able to mimic demands of a particular sport
  • easy to achieve smaller goals
  • recovery time p, allows to maintain high intensity work for long periods if time
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12
Q

Continuous training

A

Involves long, slow, distance exercise at a constant rate without rest. Eg. 3-4 km run

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13
Q

What are the benefits of continuous training?

A
  • Increased blood flow to the muscle
  • larger slow twitch muscle fibres
  • lower than normal resting heart rate
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14
Q

What is circuit training?

A

Takes place at different stations, each station can be specific to a sport, type of fitness or general conditioning. Average stations is 6-15.

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15
Q

Benefits of circuit training

A
  • time efficiency
  • aerobic and strength work can be included in one session
  • efficient use of space and resources
  • exercise variety
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16
Q

Fartlek training

A

The combination of continuous and interval training. Eg change of 100m and 300m sprints and jog.

17
Q

Benefits if Fartlek training

A
  • both aerobic and anaerobic systems can be trained
  • it involves for freedom of workouts
  • the variety such a program allows has psychological benefits
18
Q

Flexibility

A

A measure of the range of motion about a joint

19
Q

Static stretching

A

When a person stretches to a position and holds it for 10 seconds or more eg, hamstring Stretch, quad stretch

20
Q

Dynamic stretching

A

A ballistic movement. Moves the joints through a large range of motion. Eg, high knees, crossover, heel flicks, side stepping

21
Q

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

A

PNF for short, also known as assisted stretching. It involves lengthening the muscle, the partner provides the resistance. Eg. Leg towards head (lying down)

22
Q

Another form of flexibility

A

Yoga is a form of flexibility, helps improve balance, strength as well as flexibility

23
Q

Plyometrics

A

The term to describe explosive jump training. Eg, jump squat, triple jump/long jump/high jump.

24
Q

Describe an immediate response to stroke volume

A

Stroke volume is a measure of how much blood is squeezed out of the heart into the aorta each time it beats.
Women- 4.5 L
Men- 5 L
Adults stroke volume increases by about 40% when maximum exercise levels are reached.

25
Q

Describe an acute response to blood pressure.

A

Blood pressure is separated into static blood pressure (which is the larger number in 120/80. It rises sharply in response to exercise beacuse of the increased cardiac output) and diastolic blood pressure (the lower number in 120/80. The pressure as the heart relaxes before the nest beat.)

26
Q

Describes acute response to cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute.
Calculated by:
Cardiac output= stroke volume ✖️ heart rate

27
Q

Describe an acute response to blood redistribution

A

Blood trends that flow to tissues and cells in proportion to their level of activity. During rest approximately 20% of cardiac output is directed to muscles. During maximal exercise this figure increases to 35% of cardiac output. During exercise less blood flows to the digestive system.

28
Q

Describe an acute response to gas exchange

A

Occurs at the lungs as well as the muscles/tissues and in both cases, happens passively following diffusion gradients (refers to the concentration of gases separated by a membrane.

29
Q

Describe an acute response to tidal volume

A

The amount of air in haled an exhaled per breath also increases.
Men- 600mL
Women- 500mL

30
Q

Describe an acute response to respiratory rate

A

During exercise, there is a linear increase in the number of breaths a person takes per minute as exercise intensities increase.

31
Q

Describe an acute response to VO2 Max

A

A person will reach a point where increases in exercise intensity will not result in increases in oxygen consumption. Able to work at higher intensities once this point is reached but rely heavily on the lactic acid system.

32
Q

Describe an acute response to arteriovenous oxygen difference.

A

It’s an indication of the difference in oxygen concentration between arterial and venous blood.

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